{"id":651,"date":"2013-08-15T20:31:07","date_gmt":"2013-08-15T20:31:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/?p=651"},"modified":"2024-01-02T19:44:23","modified_gmt":"2024-01-02T19:44:23","slug":"insights-from-the-institute-winter-2009","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/kashrus-kurrents\/651\/insights-from-the-institute-winter-2009\/","title":{"rendered":"Using a Warming Tray on Shabbos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kashrus Kurrents Winter 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q:       I would like to buy a warming tray that has been manufactured for the Shomer Shabbos community. It is a glass covered warming tray and has a variable temperature dial with a removable knob. It can be set at a minimum temperature of 110 0<\/sup>F and a maximum temperature of 230 0<\/sup>F. It has a sticker on it stating that it is intended solely for the reheating of cooked foods and is not intended to be used for cooking. How may this tray be used on Shabbos?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/b><\/wp-block><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A:  In order to answer this question, one must have an understanding of the Rabbinic prohibitions of shehiyah<\/em> and chazarah<\/em>.  The parameters of these two prohibitions differ for Ashkenazim<\/em> and Sefardim<\/em>.  This response will explain the halachah<\/em> as it applies to Ashkenazim<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shehiyah<\/span>:  Shehiyah<\/em> is the act of placing food on an open flame before the onset of Shabbos<\/em> so as to allow it to remain there when Shabbos<\/em> begins.1<\/sup><\/a>  The Torah<\/em> permits one to do this, even though the food will cook on Shabbos<\/em>, because the person has placed the food on the flame before Shabbos<\/em> and  no action is being performed by him during Shabbos<\/em> itself.2<\/sup><\/a>  However, the Rabbonon<\/em> forbade this unless a number of conditions are met.  In certain circumstances, Chazal<\/em> necessitate covering an open flame.  Due to the complexity of hilchos shehiyah<\/em>, and the difficulty of assessing whether or not this ruling applies, it is customary to always cover an open flame.3<\/sup><\/a>  Regarding our stovetops, where the flame is controlled by knobs, Rav<\/em> Ahron Kotler, zt\u201dl,<\/em> paskened<\/em> that covering the knobs is equivalent to the classical covering of the flame, although he advised covering the flame as well.4<\/sup><\/a>  However, Rav<\/em> Moshe Feinstein, zt\u201dl, <\/em>took the opposite position.  He paskened<\/em> that the flame itself must be covered, and he encouraged covering the knobs.5<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For this reason, it is customary to place a blech<\/em> o<\/em>n the stovetop which serves as a covering for the flame.  The food to be heated is then placed on the blech<\/em> before Shabbos<\/em>.  If the food is not fully cooked, any action taken on Shabbos<\/em> which speeds up the cooking process would be considered bishul<\/em>.6<\/sup><\/a>  For example, one would not be allowed to remove and then replace the lid of a pot, since replacing the lid causes the food to cook faster.7<\/sup><\/a> In order to avoid this issue, it is customary to fully cook all food before the onset of Shabbos<\/em>.8<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, it is ideal that all food placed on a warming tray be fully cooked at the onset of Shabbos<\/em>, and that the knob be covered or removed.  It is not advisable to cover the flame of a glass covered warming tray, as such a covering traps the heat and may cause the glass to crack.  Consequently, the custom to cover the flame would not be applied, and the fully cooked food  may be placed directly on the warming tray before Shabbos<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chazarah<\/span>:  Chazarah<\/em> is the act of replacing fully cooked food onto a flame during Shabbos<\/em>.9<\/sup><\/a> The Torah<\/em> permits the reheating of fully cooked solid food, as the melacha<\/em> of bishul<\/em> is limited to cooking raw food.10<\/sup><\/a>  The Rishonim<\/em> debate whether or not the Torah<\/em> permits the reheating of fully cooked liquids.11<\/sup><\/a>  However, the Rabbonon<\/em> forbade the reheating of fully cooked food unless all of the following conditions are met: (i) the food had already been on a flame during Shabbos<\/em> and was temporarily removed, with the intention of returning it to the flame; (ii) the pot containing the food was in one\u2019s hand the entire time that the food was off the flame; (iii) the food did not cool down completely; (iv) the food is not being returned into an oven; and (v) the flame to which the food is being returned is covered.12<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, it would be halachically<\/em> acceptable to reheat food on a warming tray on Shabbos<\/em> if the food had been temporarily removed from the tray, and the flame had been covered.  However, as previously mentioned, it would not be advisable to cover the glass tray, as this may trap the heat and cause the glass to crack.  Although the heating element in the warming tray is not visible (as it is covered by the metal of the tray), this is not considered a sufficient covering for Shabbos<\/em>, as the metal is part of the unit and the flame has not been covered specifically for Shabbos<\/em>.13<\/sup><\/a>  It would, therefore, seem that food cannot be reheated on this warming tray during Shabbos<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, some Poskim<\/em> do allow the reheating of food on a warming tray during Shabbos<\/em>.  This is due to the fact that there is a situation where chazarah<\/em> is permitted.  One is allowed to place a fully cooked solid on a heat source which is not normally used for cooking.  For example, one may reheat fully cooked solid food by placing it on top of other food which is on a flame, as food is not normally cooked in this manner.14<\/sup><\/a>  Similarly, one may reheat fully cooked solid food by placing it on a radiator, which is not normally used for cooking.15<\/sup><\/a>  It could be argued that the same principle would apply to a warming tray, as it is intended to be used for reheating food and not for cooking it.  If so, chazarah<\/em> would be permitted on a warming tray, and the prohibition of shehiyah<\/em> would also not apply.  Contemporary Poskim<\/em> debate this issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rav<\/em> Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, zt\u201dl,<\/em> was of the opinion that a stovetop and a warming tray may be considered as two halachically<\/em> distinct items, and he therefore allowed the use of warming trays for both shehiyah<\/em> and chazarah<\/em> on Shabbos<\/em>.16<\/sup><\/a>  He limits this to returning food which had originally been on the tray from the onset of Shabbos<\/em> and was merely temporarily removed.  He  does not allow the reheating of food which had not been on the tray during Shabbos<\/em>, and would not allow one to take a fully cooked food out of the refrigerator and place it on a warming tray during Shabbos<\/em>.17<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However Rav<\/em> Elyashiv, shlit\u201da<\/em>, paskens<\/em> that the same halachos<\/em> would apply to both a stovetop and a warming tray.18<\/sup><\/a>  Even though a warming tray is designed for reheating, it reaches a high temperature which could be used for cooking; it should not be considered different than any other cooking surface.  Therefore, chazarah<\/em> would be permitted only if all of the previously mentioned conditions set by the Rabbonon<\/em> are met.  The warming tray would need to be covered with heavy duty foil before Shabbos<\/em> so that the flame would be considered covered.19<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rav<\/em> Moshe Feinstein, zt\u201dl, paskens<\/em> that chazarah<\/em> would be permitted on a warming tray that cannot be used for cooking.20<\/sup><\/a>  The implication is that the rules of chazarah<\/em> would apply to a warming tray which is hot enough to be used for cooking.21<\/sup><\/a>  The glass topped warming tray in question reaches a temperature of 230 0<\/sup>F, which is hot enough to cook food.  However, it has been claimed that since the heat emanating from the warming tray is not confined to an enclosed area, the ambient heat of the food would not be high enough to fully cook it.  Rav<\/em> Heinemann, shlit\u201da,<\/em> does not accept this claim and paskens<\/em> that the rules of chazarah<\/em> would apply to this type of warming tray.  He adds that the sticker on the warming tray stating that it is not intended to be used for cooking does not change the fact that it could<\/span> be used for cooking.  Therefore, Rav<\/em> Heinemann paskens <\/em>that the rules of chazarah<\/em> would apply.22<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is another exception stated by Chazal<\/em>.  One may place uncooked food in an oven before Shabbos<\/em>  if the oven is then sealed shut.  The prohibition of shehiyah<\/em> would not apply, due to the fact that the oven  has been sealed before Shabbos<\/em>.23<\/sup><\/a>  It could be argued that removing the knob of the warming tray is equivalent to sealing the oven.24<\/sup><\/a>  Rav<\/em> Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, zt\u201dl<\/em>, states that it is not clear as to whether shehiyah<\/em> is permitted after the knob has been removed.  Furthermore, he adds that chazarah<\/em> would certainly not be permitted.25<\/sup><\/a>  Rav<\/em> Elyashiv, shlit\u201da,<\/em> has been quoted as saying that one should not rely on removing the knob in order to permit shehiyah<\/em>.26<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, a person who would like to use this warming tray in a manner that all Poskim<\/em> would accept should ensure that all food placed on the warming tray be fully cooked before the onset of Shabbos<\/em> and cover or remove the knob.27<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/div>\n\n\n\n

Halachic<\/strong><\/em> queries regarding all topics may be presented to The Institute of Halacha<\/em> at the Star-K by calling 410-484-4110 ext. 238.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d4\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05de”\u05d1 \u05dc\u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05e0\u05d2<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.\u05e9\u05d5”\u05e2 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05e0\u05d1 \u05d5\u05de”\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dd \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d5”\u05e2 \u05d5\u05e8\u05de”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05e0\u05d2 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d0 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4”\u05dc \u05e9\u05dd \u05d3”\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e0\u05d4\u05d2\u05d5, \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1\u05e8\u05de”\u05d0 \u05e9\u05dd \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1 \u05d5\u05d1\u05de”\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dd \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05e2\u05d1 \u05d5\u05e1”\u05e7 \u05e2\u05d3 \u05d5\u05d1\u05e9\u05e9”\u05db \u05e4”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1\u05d2  <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05de\u05d5”\u05e8 \u05e8’ \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d0\u05d2”\u05de \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05d7”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e6\u05d2, \u05d5\u05db\u05df \u05d3\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05e9”\u05d6 \u05d0\u05d5\u05d9\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d0\u05da \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc\u05d7\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05e0\u05d2 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4 \u05e7\u05d8\u05e2 \u05d2 \u05e9\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05dc\u05db\u05e1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e7\u05d0, \u05d5\u05db”\u05db \u05d1\u05e1’ \u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d7”\u05d1 \u05e2\u05de’ \u05db\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.\u05e9\u05d5”\u05e2 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d9\u05d7 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d3 \u05d5\u05de”\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dd \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05db\u05d5 <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.\u05e9\u05d5”\u05e2 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05e0\u05d6 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d3 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4”\u05dc \u05e9\u05dd \u05d3”\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.\u05e9\u05e9”\u05db \u05e4”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1\u05d2, \u05d5\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05de\u05d5”\u05e8 \u05e8’ \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 \u05e9\u05db\u05df \u05e0\u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d0\u05d2”\u05de \u05d9\u05d5”\u05d3 \u05d7”\u05d1 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e0\u05d1, \u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1 \u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d3 \u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3\u05ea \u05d1\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05e9\u05db\u05ea\u05d1 \u05d4\u05e9”\u05da \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05db\u05d2 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d6 \u05d3\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05e9\u05d9\u05ea\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05de\u05de\u05d3\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e2”\u05d9 \u05e8\u05ea\u05d9\u05d7\u05d4 \u05de”\u05de \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05d3 \u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3\u05ea \u05db\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e0\u05ea\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05de\u05e9\u05d4\u05d5, \u05d5\u05de\u05de\u05d5”\u05e8 \u05e8’ \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 \u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d6\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05e4\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05ea\u05db\u05df \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05ea\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05de\u05de\u05d3\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d5\u05dc\u05db\u05df \u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05e4\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8 \u05ea\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05d2\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4Star-K \u05de\u05e7\u05e4\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e9\u05d9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e4\u05ea\u05d7 \u05dc\u05d4\u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05d9\u05ea\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05de\u05de\u05d3\u05ea\u05d5 <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.\u05e9\u05d5”\u05e2 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d9\u05d7 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d3 \u05d5\u05e1\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d8\u05d5<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

11.\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05de”\u05d0 \u05e9\u05dd \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d8\u05d5<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

12.\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d5”\u05e2 \u05d5\u05e8\u05de”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05e0\u05d2 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1, \u05d5\u05d1\u05de”\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dd \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05e0\u05d5 \u05db\u05ea\u05d1 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e7\u05dc \u05d0\u05dd \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05df \u05d1\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d3\u05e2\u05ea\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d7\u05d6\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d5\u05db\u05df \u05d0\u05dd \u05d3\u05e2\u05ea\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d7\u05d6\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d0\u05e3 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e8\u05df \u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

13.\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1\u05e8”\u05df \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d3\u05e3 \u05d8\u05d5 \u05e2”\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d3\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e3 \u05d3”\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d3 \u05e9\u05db\u05ea\u05d1 \u05e9\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05dc\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05d0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14.\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05de\u05d5”\u05e8 \u05e8’ \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

15.\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d0\u05d2”\u05de \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05d7”\u05d3 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e2\u05d3 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d3 (\u05d5\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05e9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05db\u05dc \u05d7\u05dd \u05e7\u05e6\u05ea \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d3\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d7) <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

16.\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05e9”\u05db \u05e4”\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05e9”\u05d6 \u05d0\u05d5\u05d9\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d0\u05da \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05db\u05ea\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e4\u05dc\u05d8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0”\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d9\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4 <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

17.\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05e9”\u05db \u05d7”\u05d2 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dd <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

18.\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d7”\u05d1 \u05e2\u05de’ \u05e6\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0, \u05d5\u05db”\u05db \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05de\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e8’ \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e2\u05de’ \u05ea\u05d3, \u05d5\u05db”\u05db \u05d1\u05e1’ \u05d4\u05dc’ \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d7”\u05d0 \u05e2\u05de’ \u05e8\u05d3 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0, \u05d5\u05e2”\u05e2 \u05d1\u05e1’ \u05d0\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05de’ \u05e7\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0 \u05db\u05df \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5”\u05d0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

19.\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05e9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0, \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc\u05d7\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05e0\u05d2 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4 \u05e7\u05d8\u05e2 \u05d1<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

20.\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d0\u05d2”\u05de \u05d7”\u05d3 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e2\u05d3 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4 <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.\u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e4”\u05d1 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05dc <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

22.\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05de\u05d5”\u05e8 \u05e8’ \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

23.\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d5”\u05e2 \u05d5\u05e8\u05de”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05e0\u05d3 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d0 \u05d5\u05de”\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dd \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d9\u05d3 <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

24.\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d0\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e4”\u05d1 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d9\u05d7<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

25.\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d0 (\u05d3\u05e4\u05d5\u05e1 \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df) \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05dc\u05d3 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05d0 \u05d5\u05e9\u05dc\u05d7\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05e0\u05d2 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d0 <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

26.\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d7”\u05d1 \u05e2\u05de’ \u05e8\u05e4\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

27.\u05db\u05df \u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05de\u05d5”\u05e8 \u05e8’ \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e4\u05dc\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d7\u05e9\u05de\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e8\u05e7 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d6\u05d4 <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kashrus Kurrents Winter 2009<\/p>\n

Q:       I would like to buy a warming tray that has been manufactured for the Shomer Shabbos community. It is a glass covered warming tray and has a variable temperature dial with a removable knob. It can be set at a minimum temperature of 110 0F and a maximum temperature of 230 0F. It has a sticker on it stating that it is intended solely for the reheating of cooked foods and is not intended to be used for cooking. How may this tray be used on Shabbos?<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

A:  In order to answer this question, one must have an understanding of the Rabbinic prohibitions of shehiyah and chazarah.  The parameters of these two prohibitions differ for Ashkenazim and Sefardim.  This response will explain the halachah as it applies to Ashkenazim.<\/p>\n

Shehiyah<\/span>:  Shehiyah is the act of placing food on an open flame before the onset of Shabbos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,131,27,318,62],"tags":[390,294,369,229,389],"class_list":["post-651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kashurs-kurrents-2009","category-insights-from-institute","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-kashrus-kurrents-in-app","category-winter-kashrus-kurrents-2009","tag-chazarah","tag-hilchos-shabbos","tag-insights-from-the-institute","tag-kashrus-kurrents","tag-warming-tray"],"yoast_head":"\nUsing a Warming Tray on Shabbos | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kashrus Kurrents Winter 2009 Q:       I would like to buy a warming tray that has been manufactured for the Shomer Shabbos\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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