{"id":649,"date":"2013-08-15T20:30:35","date_gmt":"2013-08-15T20:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/?p=649"},"modified":"2026-05-05T15:40:02","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T15:40:02","slug":"the-halachic-guide-to-kiddush","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/kashrus-kurrents\/649\/the-halachic-guide-to-kiddush\/","title":{"rendered":"The Halachic Guide to Kiddush"},"content":{"rendered":"

Published Winter 2009<\/em><\/p>\n

One of the most beautiful scenes in Yiddishkeit<\/em> is the family gathered around the table for Kiddush<\/em>,\u00a0 a special moment for which we wait all week.\u00a0 On Yom Tov<\/em>, the beautiful melody1<\/sup><\/a> ushers in each of the Shalosh Regalim<\/em> with much excitement.<\/p>\n

Although we are quite familiar with how to recite Kiddush<\/em>, it is important to review the halachos<\/em> related to this mitzvah<\/em>.<\/p>\n

A.\u00a0\u00a0 Obligation<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

In the Aseres Hadibros<\/em> (Ten Commandments), we are commanded to \u201cRemember the Shabbos<\/em> day to sanctify it.\u201d\u00a0 One fulfills this Torah<\/em> obligation by simply reciting Kiddush<\/em> on Shabbos.<\/em>2<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Chazal<\/em> (the Rabbis) instituted the recitation of Kiddush <\/em>over a cup of wine.3<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 This Kiddush<\/em> consists of Yom Hashishi-Vayechulu, Savri-Borai Pri Hagafen<\/em>, and the brocha <\/em>of Kiddush <\/em>as found in the Siddur<\/em>.4<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Both men and women are equally obligated in this mitzvah<\/em>.5<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

B.\u00a0\u00a0 The Wine and Kiddush Cup <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0 Wine <\/strong>
\nKiddush<\/em> may be recited on any kosher wine6<\/sup><\/a> upon which the brocha<\/em> of Borei Pri Hagafen<\/em> is recited.\u00a0 If one cannot drink wine, one may recite Kiddush<\/em> on grape juice.7<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 One must be careful to purchase only wine and grape juice that have a reliable kosher certification.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0 Kiddush Cup <\/strong>
\nThe cup must hold at least a revi<\/em>\u2019is<\/em> (3.8 fl. oz.; 112 ml).8<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 It is mehudar<\/em> (best)to recite Kiddush<\/em> using a silver becher<\/em>.9<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The cup should be clean and intact without any cracks or holes.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0One may also use a glass or any other non-disposable cup.\u00a0 B\u2019sha\u2019as hadechak<\/em> (in a difficult situation), if the cups listed above are not available (e.g. one is traveling), one can recite Kiddush<\/em> on the wine while it is still in a bottle or in a paper, plastic or styrofoam cup.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0It is best to fill the cup to the top.\u00a0 However, if one does not have enough wine to fill the cup he need not fill it, provided that the cup contains a revi<\/em>\u2019is<\/em> of wine.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0 Amount to Drink<\/strong>
\nUpon completing Kiddush<\/em>, the one who recites it should drink a \u201cm<\/em>\u2019lo lugmav,<\/em>\u201d the amount of wine that fills one of his cheeks.\u00a0 For an average adult male, this is between 1.5 and 2 fl. oz. (44-59 ml).\u00a0 This amount should be drunk within a 30 second time span.10<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 B\u2019dieved<\/em>, one is yotzai<\/em> (has fulfilled his obligation) if it is drunk within four minutes.11<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Ideally, anyone being yotzai Kiddush<\/em> through listening should also drink some of the wine;12<\/sup><\/a> however, the listener is still yotzai<\/em> without drinking any wine.<\/p>\n

If it is too difficult for the one who recites Kiddush<\/em> to drink a m\u2019lo lugmav<\/em>, someone else may drink the entire m\u2019lo lugmav<\/em>.\u00a0 If this is not possible, he may share the wine with others so that they13<\/sup><\/a> collectively drink 2 fl. oz. (59 ml). Either way, the mekadesh<\/em> should at least drink a little of the wine.\u00a0 If he cannot drink any of the wine or grape juice (e.g. he is ill), others who heard Kiddush<\/em> may drink the entire 2 fl. oz.14<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Kiddush B\u2019Makom seudah \u2013 Eating Immediately After Kiddush In The Same Location<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

One is yotzai<\/em> Kiddush<\/em> only if a \u201cseudah<\/em>\u201d (meal) is eaten immediately after Kiddush <\/em>in the same location.\u00a0 This is known as Kiddush B\u2019Makom seudah<\/em>.<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0 Location <\/strong>
\nB\u2019Makom seudah <\/em>means eating in the same room in which Kiddush<\/em> was heard.\u00a0 It is acceptable if one heard Kiddush<\/em> while on one side of the dining room or social hall, and then moved to the other side of the room to eat.\u00a0 However, one may not leave the building to eat the meal.\u00a0 For example, one is not yotzai Kiddush<\/em> if he heard Kiddush<\/em> in shul<\/em> and then went home to eat.<\/p>\n

If one hears Kiddush<\/em> in one room, and intends15<\/sup><\/a> (has da\u2019as<\/em>) to eat in a different room in the same building, he may eat in the other room.16<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 This may be done l\u2019chatchilah<\/em> only if he can see the other room while saying Kiddush<\/em>.\u00a0 If he cannot see the other room, he is only yotzai<\/em> \u00a0b\u2019dieved<\/em>.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0 Seudah <\/strong><\/p>\n

a. Ideally, the seudah<\/em> consists of bread.\u00a0 Typically, following Kiddush<\/em> one washes and recites Hamotzi<\/em> on lechem mishne<\/em> (two loaves).\u00a0 This constitutes Kiddush B\u2019Makom seudah<\/em>, as the seudah<\/em> follows Kiddush<\/em>.
\nb. \u00a0If one does not eat bread (e.g. at a simcha<\/em> in shul<\/em> after davening<\/em>), one may eat a food containing chamaishis minei dagan<\/em> (five special grains including wheat, oats, etc.) upon which the brocha<\/em> of Mezonos<\/em> is recited.17<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Ideally, the food should be pas haba\u2019a b\u2019kisnin<\/em> (e.g. cake, cookies or crackers).\u00a0 However, the \u201cseudah<\/em>\u201d may consist of other Mezonos<\/em> products, such as Yerushalmi<\/em> kugel<\/em> or pasta salad.18<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 In these cases, a regular seudahs Shabbos<\/em> with lechem mishne<\/em> must be eaten later.
\nc. B\u2019sha\u2019as hadechak<\/em>, if one is ill and cannot eat grain products for Kiddush B\u2019Makom seudah<\/em>, one can drink a revi’is<\/em> of wine or grape juice19<\/sup><\/a> to fulfill this condition.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0 Amount of Food<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. \u00a0In the above cases (as addressed previously in 2a and 2b), one must eat a k\u2019zayis<\/em>.\u00a0 A k\u2019zayis<\/em> is 1.27 fl. oz. (38 ml).20<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0It is important to note that a brocha acharona<\/em> after eating cake (and\/or wine) should be recited while sitting.
\nb. \u00a0If one does not eat a k\u2019zayis<\/em>, one has not fulfilled his obligation of Kiddush<\/em>.\u00a0 For example, if one heard Kiddush<\/em> on Shabbos<\/em> morning21<\/sup><\/a> in shul<\/em> and did not eat (or did not eat the prescribed amount), one is not yotzai Kiddush<\/em> and he must recite it again and then eat a seudah<\/em>.
\nc. \u00a0Although the \u201cseudah<\/em>\u201d one eats following Kiddush<\/em> (for Kiddush B\u2019Makom seudah<\/em>) can be a k\u2019zayis<\/em> of cake, it should be noted that to be yotzai <\/em>the three seudos <\/em>of Shabbos<\/em> (Shabbos<\/em> meals), one is required to eat a Hamotzi <\/em>product (e.g. challah<\/em>, bread or matzah<\/em>); a Mezonos<\/em> product does not suffice.\u00a0 Ideally, at each seudah<\/em>, one should eat more than two k\u2019zaysim<\/em> of bread (i.e. \u201cyosair m\u2019kebaya<\/em>\u201d \u2013 at least 2.7 fl. oz., 80 ml); b\u2019dieved,<\/em> a k\u2019zayis<\/em> of bread will suffice.22<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

D.\u00a0 Shomaya K\u2019Ona \u00a0– Hearing Kiddush Recited By Someone Else <\/em><\/strong>
\nEveryone has an obligation to recite and hear Kiddush<\/em>.\u00a0 One may fulfill his obligation to recite Kiddush<\/em> by hearing someone else (the \u201cmekadesh<\/em>\u201d) recite it.\u00a0 This is known as \u201cShomaya K<\/em>\u2019ona<\/em>\u201d (literally, \u201clistening is like answering\u201d).23<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Shomaya K<\/em>\u2019ona<\/em> works only if all of the following conditions are met:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0 One must hear the entire Kiddush <\/em>–<\/strong> One should not speak while listening and should not say \u201cBaruch Hu U\u2019Varuch Sh\u2019mo.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 If one spoke, b\u2019dieved<\/em>, the following halachos<\/em> apply:\u00a0 If while speaking one failed to hear a word that is integral to Kiddush<\/em> (e.g. \u201cBoruch<\/em>\u201d or \u201cHashem Elokeinu<\/em>\u201d after \u201cBoruch Atoh<\/em>\u201d), one is not yotzai Kiddush<\/em>.\u00a0 If one did not hear a word that is not integral (e.g. \u201cAtoh<\/em>\u201d24<\/sup><\/a> or \u201cKee hu yom<\/em>\u201d), one need not repeat Kiddush<\/em>. \u00a0The same halachos<\/em> apply if the one reciting Kiddush<\/em> skips, slurs or mumbles the words and the listener is unable to hear what words were said.\u00a0 It is proper to answer \u201cAmen<\/em>\u201d when being yotzai<\/em>, however, if one did not do so he is still yotzai<\/em>.\u00a0 One should also not speak between Kiddush<\/em> and drinking.\u00a0 If the mekadesh<\/em> (or one who is listening) spoke, he is yotzai Kiddush<\/em> but must recite another Borai Pri Hagafen<\/em> before drinking.25<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cDa<\/em>\u2019as Shomaya U<\/em>\u2019mashmia<\/em>\u201d-<\/strong> It is necessary for the one reciting Kiddush<\/em> to have in mind that he wishes to be motzee<\/em>26<\/sup><\/a> those listening.\u00a0 One may have in mind specific individuals (e.g. \u201cmy family\u201d),27<\/sup><\/a> or everyone listening (e.g. when a Rav<\/em> recites Kiddush<\/em> for everyone present).\u00a0 Furthermore, the one listening to Kiddush<\/em> must have in mind to be yotzai<\/em> Kiddush<\/em> (fulfill the obligation by listening).<\/p>\n

An example where one is not<\/span> yotzai<\/em> is the following scenario:\u00a0 Someone was at a \u201cshul<\/em> Kiddush\u201d<\/em> on Shabbos<\/em> morning but was not planning to eat. \u00a0When the Rav<\/em> recited Kiddush<\/em>, the listener did not plan to be yotzai<\/em> with the Rav<\/em> (i.e. he was thinking he will recite Kiddush<\/em> at home).\u00a0 If he later changes his mind and decides to eat, he must recite (or hear) Kiddush<\/em> again.\u00a0 Although he \u201cheard\u201d Kiddush<\/em> from the Rav<\/em>, he did not have in mind to be yotzai<\/em> at that time.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0 High Enough Level of Obligation –<\/strong> The person reciting Kiddush<\/em> must have either the same or higher level of obligation (chiyuv<\/em>) as the listener.28<\/sup><\/a> This means that a child under Bar Mitzvah29<\/sup> <\/a><\/em> may not recite Kiddush<\/em> for an adult, since the child is obligated only because of chinuch<\/em> (teaching the child to learn how to perform mitzvos<\/em>) and the adult has a direct obligation in the performance of this mitzvah<\/em>. \u00a0If a husband is ill, his wife may recite Kiddush<\/em> for him on Shabbos<\/em> because both men and women are equally obligated to perform this mitzvah<\/em>.\u00a0 Similarly, a woman may be motzee<\/em> a man in any mitzvah<\/em> that she is equally obligated to perform (e.g. Chanukah<\/em> candles, the brocha<\/em> on food that she is also eating).However, she may not be motzee<\/em> him in mitzvos<\/em> from which she is exempt (e.g. Shofar<\/em>, brocha<\/em> on Sukkah<\/em>), or mitzvos<\/em> from which she is possibly exempt (e.g. Havdalah<\/em>, Kiddush<\/em> on Yom Tov<\/em>).30<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

E.\u00a0\u00a0 Differences Between Kiddush on Friday Night and Shabbos Day <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0 If one does not have (or is unable to drink) wine or grape juice<\/strong>, the following halachos<\/em> apply:<\/p>\n

a.\u00a0\u00a0 Friday Night<\/strong>31<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 One may recite Kiddush<\/em> on challos<\/em>.\u00a0 The procedure is as follows:\u00a0 Wash and recite \u201cAl Netilas Yadayim<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0 Recite the entire Kiddush <\/em>on the lechem mishne<\/em>, replacing the brocha<\/em> of \u201cBorai Pri Hagafen<\/em>\u201d with \u201cHamotzi Lechem Min Ha\u2019aretz<\/em>.\u201d32<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 After Kiddush<\/em>, cut and eat the challah<\/em>.\u00a0 If one does not have full challos<\/em>, one may recite Kiddush<\/em> on regular bread (even slices).
\nb.\u00a0\u00a0 Shabbos<\/em> Day<\/strong>33<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 Kiddush<\/em> may not be recited on challos<\/em> or bread.\u00a0 One may recite Kiddush<\/em> on a revi\u2019is<\/em> of chamar medina<\/em>, ideally an alcoholic beverage including schnapps34<\/sup><\/a> or beer.\u00a0 If these are not available, one may use coffee or iced tea35<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 and must drink at least a m\u2019lo lugmav<\/em>.\u00a0 The brocha<\/em> of Shehakol<\/em> is recited when using chamar medina<\/em>.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0 Time <\/strong><\/p>\n

a.\u00a0\u00a0 Friday<\/strong> Night<\/strong> –<\/strong> \u00a0Ideally, Kiddush<\/em> should be recited as soon as one comes home from shul<\/em> on Friday night.36<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The earliest time to recite Kiddush<\/em> on Friday afternoon is Plag Hamincha,37<\/sup><\/a><\/em> which is one and a quarter halachic<\/em> hours38<\/sup><\/a> before sunset.39<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The latest time to say the entire<\/span> Kiddush<\/em> is dawn on Shabbos<\/em> morning.\u00a0 If one was unable to recite Kiddush<\/em> at night, one must say Kiddush<\/em> during the day.\u00a0 He should daven<\/em> Shachris<\/em> (after sunrise or, if necessary, after dawn) and then recite Kiddush<\/em> without Vayechulu<\/em> (i.e. begin Kiddush<\/em> with Savri<\/em> \u2026 Borai P\u2019ri Hagefen<\/em>).\u00a0 If necessary, one may recite Kiddush<\/em> (without \u201cVayechulu<\/em>\u201d) until sunset40<\/sup><\/a> on Shabbos<\/em> afternoon, and immediately eat the seudah<\/em>.\u00a0 If one recited the night Kiddush<\/em> during the day, he does not have to recite Kiddusha Rabbah<\/em>.
\nb.\u00a0\u00a0 Kiddusha Rabbah<\/strong><\/em> – This is Kiddush <\/em>recitedduring the day (when regular Kiddush<\/em> was recited at night). It may be said from any time after Shachris<\/em> until sunset.\u00a0 This Kiddush<\/em> consists of pesukim<\/em> (e.g. V\u2019shamru, Al Kain Bayrach), Savri,<\/em> and Borai Pri Hagafen<\/em>. One should follow his family\u2019s custom regarding which pesukim<\/em> to say.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0 Position –<\/strong> There are various customs regarding how Kiddush<\/em> is recited.\u00a0 One should follow his family\u2019s custom.\u00a0 The reasons for standing or sitting on Friday night are as follows:<\/p>\n

a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Standing \u2013 \u201cVayechulu<\/em>\u201d is aidus<\/em> (testimony) that Hashem<\/em> created the world and rested on Shabbos<\/em>.\u00a0 Just as witnesses stand before Bais Din<\/em> when testifying, similarly some stand for this \u201caidus<\/em>\u201d and remain standing while reciting the entire Kiddush<\/em>.
\nb.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sitting \u2013 When being motzee<\/em> others, everyone is joined together for that moment.\u00a0 This is known as a \u201ckviyus<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0 When everyone sits together, there is a stronger sense of unity of purpose and kviyus<\/em>.
\nc.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Some stand for Vayechulu<\/em> because of aidus<\/em> and then sit down for the rest of Kiddush<\/em> for kviyus<\/em>.<\/p>\n

During the day, there are two customs.\u00a0 Some people have a custom to stand when reciting
\nKiddusha Rabbah<\/em>, while others have a custom to sit.\u00a0 One should follow his family custom.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0 Eating Before Kiddush –<\/strong> On Friday night, once Shabbos<\/em> begins,41<\/sup><\/a> one may not eat or drink before Kiddush<\/em>.\u00a0 On Shabbos<\/em> morning, men may drink water, tea or coffee before Shachris <\/em>(after brochos<\/em>), but may not eat and may not drink \u201cchashuva<\/em> beverages\u201d (e.g. alcoholic beverages) unless they are required for health purposes.\u00a0 After Shachris<\/em>, one may not eat or drink until after Kiddush<\/em>.A woman who normally davens<\/em> may eat or drink before davening<\/em> after reciting morning brochos<\/em>.\u00a0 According to some Poskim<\/em>,42<\/sup><\/a> on Shabbos<\/em> if she needs to eat before davening, she is not required to recite Kiddush at that time.\u00a0 Once she has completed davening<\/em> Shachris, <\/em>she must hear Kiddush<\/em> before eating or drinking.<\/p>\n

F.\u00a0\u00a0Yom Tov Kiddush<\/strong><\/p>\n

Generally, the halachos<\/em> of Kiddush<\/em> on Yom Tov<\/em> are similar to those of Shabbos<\/em>.43<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 One follows the special nusach<\/em> for Yom Tov<\/em> as found in the Siddur<\/em> or Machzor<\/em>.\u00a0 \u201cShehecheyanu<\/em>\u201d is said following Kiddush<\/em>, with the exception of the last two nights of Pesach<\/em>.44<\/sup><\/a>
\nWhen Yom Tov<\/em> occurs on Shabbos<\/em>, the Yom Tov Kiddush<\/em> with \u201cVayechulu<\/em>\u201d and the special Shabbos<\/em> additions are recited. When Yom Tov<\/em> occurs on Motzai Shabbos<\/em>, Kiddush<\/em> and Havdalah<\/em> are recited on the same cup of wine.\u00a0 The acronym used to remember the order is YaKNeHaZ<\/em>:\u00a0 Yayin<\/em><\/strong> (wine) – the brocha<\/em> of Borai Pri Hagafen<\/em>; Kiddush<\/em><\/strong> – the regular nusach<\/em> of Yom Tov Kiddush<\/em>; Ner<\/em><\/strong> – Borei Me\u2019orai Ha\u2019aish;<\/em>45<\/sup><\/a> Havdalah<\/em><\/strong>– A special brocha<\/em> of \u00a0Havdalah<\/em> for Motzai Shabbos<\/em> going into Yom Tov<\/em>; Z\u2019man<\/em><\/strong>– the brocha<\/em> of Shehecheyanu<\/em>.46<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 There are no b\u2019samim<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Whenever the word Kiddush<\/em> or kodesh<\/em> is used, it indicates holiness and separation.\u00a0 For example, the place of the Kodesh HaKedoshim<\/em>\u00a0in the Beis Hamikdash remains the holiest of sites that is set apart from all other places on earth.\u00a0 When we, as Yidden, recite Kiddush every Shabbos we reflect upon the holiness of the day, as well as how the Jewish people have remained sanctified and separated from the other nations of the world.<\/p>\n

In our modern world filled with ATMs, cell phones, instant messaging and MP3s, it is Klal Yisroel<\/em> who emulates the Ribono Shel Olam<\/em> when we stop all of our work for Shabbos<\/em>.\u00a0 The cup of Kiddush<\/em> wine\u00a0symbolizes our responsibility to sanctify everything around us. That is what Shabbos<\/em> is all about.<\/p>\n

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1<\/a> It should be noted that the melody of Kiddush for all of the S<\/em>halosh Regalim is also the tune used elsewhere during each z\u2019man<\/em> of Yom Tov.\u00a0 On Shavuos (Zman Matan Torasainu<\/em>), it is also used for Akdamus<\/em>.\u00a0 On Simchas Torah (Zman Simchasainu<\/em>), it is also used when calling up the Chosson Torah<\/em> and Chosson Breishis<\/em> (\u201cMairshus<\/em>\u201d).\u00a0 On Pesach (Zman Chairusainu<\/em>), some also use this tune during the Hagaddah<\/em> for \u201cLefichach<\/em>\u201d and the bracha<\/em> of \u201cAsher Ga\u2019alanu.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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2<\/a> The Rambam<\/em> (Hilchos Shabbos<\/em> 29:1) writes that the obligation to remember Shabbos is both at the beginning and the end of Shabbos.\u00a0 Technically, Havdalah<\/em> is also a \u201cKiddush\u201d for the end of Shabbos.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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3<\/a> See Tosfos Nazir<\/em> 4a, \u201cmai hi.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 Tosfos Pesachim<\/em> 106a \u201czachreihu<\/em>\u201d states two opinions: 1) the cup of wine is d’rabanan<\/em>;\u00a0 2) the cup of wine is d\u2019Oraysa<\/em>, but the drinking of it is d’rabanan<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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4<\/a> There are slight differences between nuschos<\/em> (i.e., whether certain words are said). One should follow his family custom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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5<\/a> There is a dispute as to whether women are obligated to recite Kiddush<\/em> on Yom Tov<\/em>.\u00a0 The custom is to follow those who rule that they are obligated.\u00a0 For a full discussion, see Shemiras Shabbos K\u2019hilchasa<\/em> (S.S.K.<\/em>) Ch. 47 footnote 26.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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6<\/a> The wine cup should also not be pogum<\/em> (i.e. this wine should not have been drunk from).\u00a0 For a full discussion, see S.S.K. <\/em>47:15.\u00a0 There is a hiddur <\/em>(best way to perform the mitzvah<\/em>)\u00a0 to use non<\/em>–mevushal<\/em> (uncooked) wine; however, mevushal<\/em> wine may also be used.\u00a0 When using non<\/em>–mevushal<\/em> wine, one must be careful that gentiles and non-observant Jews do not come into contact with the wine.\u00a0 One should preferably not use wine which was left uncovered for several hours (megulah<\/em>) – see Kitzur Shulchan Aruch<\/em> 77:5.\u00a0 Some are mehadar<\/em> to recite Kiddush<\/em> on red wine – see Mishna Brura<\/em> (M.B.<\/em>) 272:10.\u00a0 See also Rama<\/em> 175:2 and M.B.<\/em> 175:13 regarding white wine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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7<\/a> If wine and grape juice are not available, there may be other options as will be discussed in Section E.1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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8<\/a> For a further discussion regarding halachic measurements, see Shulchan Aruch O.C.<\/em> 472:9 and M.B<\/em>. 271:68.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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9<\/a> This is in fulfillment of \u201chisna\u2019eh b\u2019mitzvos,<\/em>\u201d that we derive from the pasuk<\/em> of \u201czeh Kayli v\u2019anveihu.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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10<\/a> This is the shiur k\u2019dei shtiyas revi\u2019is (psak <\/em>of HaRav<\/em> Moshe Heinemann, shlita)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

11<\/a> The lenient opinion for k’dei achilas pras<\/em>.\u00a0 See S.S.K.<\/em> 48:10.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

12<\/a> The ideal way to distribute Kiddush is as follows:\u00a0 After the completion of Kiddush, the mekadesh<\/em> pours the wine from the becher<\/em> into another cup.\u00a0 He then drinks a m\u2019lo lugmav<\/em> from the becher,<\/em> and the wine in the other cup is distributed.\u00a0 If a husband and wife are eating alone, and the wife is a niddah<\/em>, the husband should either 1) put his cup down after drinking a m\u2019lo lugmav<\/em> and his wife drinks from that cup, or 2) pour wine into another cup and drink a m\u2019lo lugmav<\/em> from that cup.\u00a0 His wife should then drink from the becher<\/em> that he has put down.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

13<\/a> Children age 6 and above can be counted in this drinking.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

14<\/a> Within the time of k\u2019dai achilas pras<\/em>.\u00a0 For a full discussion, see Shulchan Aruch OC<\/em> 271:13 & 14 and the Mishna Brura<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

15<\/a> Without da\u2019as<\/em>, one may not switch rooms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

16<\/a> See Biur Halacha<\/em> 273:1 \u201cv\u2019chain<\/em>\u201d and S.S.K<\/em>. 54:9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

17<\/a> This is very common on Shabbos<\/em> day in shul<\/em>.\u00a0 L\u2019halachah<\/em>, such Mezonos<\/em> products constitute \u201cKiddush B\u2019Makom seudah<\/em>\u201d on Friday night, if necessary.\u00a0 See S.S.K<\/em>. 54:22.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

18<\/a> M.B.<\/em> 273:25.\u00a0 Matzoh<\/em> meal cake is also \u201cB<\/em>\u2019Makom seudah.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 However, potato starch cakes and rice products, such as \u201cRice Krispies Treats,\u201d can not be used for Kiddush<\/em> B\u2019Makom seudah<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

19<\/a> When hearing Kiddush<\/em>, drink a revi’is<\/em>.\u00a0When reciting\u00a0Kiddush<\/em>, drink 1.51 revi\u2019is<\/em>.(i.e. slightly more than a half-reviis <\/em>to be yotzai Kiddush<\/em> and then another reviis for b\u2019makom \u201cseuda<\/em>\u201d) of wine or grape juice (S.S.K.<\/em>\u00a054:23).\u00a0 If one becomes ill from grain and wine products, he should eat fruits in order to have Kiddush B\u2019Makom seudah<\/em> (Shiltay Gibborim<\/em> as quoted in M.B. 273:26).<\/em> It is preferable that the fruit be cooked (see Kitzur Shulchan Aruch<\/em> 77:16).\u00a0 One should\u00a0 rely on this only if it is a major sha\u2019as hadechak<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

20<\/a> About the size of a golf ball or roll of quarters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

21<\/a> Friday night in shul<\/em>, one is not yotzai Kiddush<\/em> recited during Maariv<\/em>.\u00a0 This Kiddush<\/em> is an old minhag<\/em> (custom) that was established when guests ate in the shul<\/em>.\u00a0 The custom is to give this wine to children under the age of Bar Mitzvah<\/em>.\u00a0 At least one child should be a \u201cbar chinuch,<\/em>\u201d over 6 or 7 years old.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

22<\/a> Men and women must have lechem mishne<\/em> at the three Shabbos<\/em> meals.\u00a0 See Shulchan Aruch O.C.<\/em> 274:1. Additional guidelines regarding seudah Shlishis<\/em> are addressed in Rama O.C.<\/em> 291:4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

23<\/a> Shomaya K\u2019ona<\/em> is not unique to Kiddush<\/em>.\u00a0 When one hears Shofar<\/em> or Megillah<\/em>, one is yotzai<\/em> with the principle of Shomaya K<\/em>\u2019ona<\/em>.\u00a0 For a thorough discussion of this topic, see Sefer Shaarei Shmiya <\/em>by HaRav<\/em> Mordechai Shuchatowitz, shlita<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

24<\/a> M.B.<\/em> 214:3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

25<\/a> If he said something that pertains to Kiddush<\/em> (e.g. when necessary, he may say \u201cWe need little cups to give everyone Kiddush<\/em>\u201d), he need not repeat Borai Pri Hagafen<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

26<\/a> This means that he recites Kiddush<\/em> with the intent that others should be \u201cyotzai<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

27<\/a> In this case, if someone recited Kiddush<\/em> only for \u201chis family\u201d, and someone else was listening, the other listener would not be yotzai<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

28<\/a> One can be motzee<\/em> others, even if he has been yotzai Kiddush<\/em> already.\u00a0 For example, one who was yotzai<\/em> at a \u201cshul Kiddush<\/em>\u201d may recite Kiddush<\/em> for his family at home, even though he was already yotzai<\/em>.\u00a0 For an extensive discussion, see Biur Halachah<\/em> 271:1 meyad<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

29<\/a> It should be noted that a bochur<\/em> who recently became Bar Mitzvah<\/em> should not be motzee<\/em> adults in mitzvos<\/em> that have a Torah<\/em> obligation (e.g. Kiddush<\/em> on Friday night).\u00a0 It is for this reason that Bar Mitzvah<\/em> boys do not lain<\/em> Parshas<\/em> Zachor<\/em> or blow shofar<\/em> on Rosh Hashana<\/em> for others.\u00a0 Under normal circumstances, they may be motzee<\/em> adults only in mitzvos<\/em> d\u2019rabanan<\/em> (regular laining<\/em>, chazaras hashatz<\/em>, etc.)\u00a0 The reason for this is beyond the scope of this discussion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

30<\/a> Although women are accustomed to hear Havdalah<\/em> after Shabbos<\/em> and Yom Tov<\/em>, as well as Kiddush<\/em> on Yom Tov<\/em>, there is a question as to the status of their obligation.\u00a0 The issue relates to the parameters of mitzvos asei shehaz\u2019man grama<\/em> \u2013 positive mitzvos<\/em> bound by time, a topic beyond the scope of this article. Hence, they cannot be motzee<\/em> men who are definitively obligated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

31<\/a> The same halachos<\/em> apply to Yom Tov<\/em> night.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

32<\/a> The method of holding the challos <\/em>in this case is discussed in M.B.<\/em> 271:41.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

33<\/a> The same halachos<\/em> apply to Yom Tov<\/em> during the day.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

34<\/a> When reciting Kiddush<\/em> on schnapps, one should use a cup that holds a revi\u2019is<\/em> and drink a m\u2019lo lugmav<\/em> (as discussed above, Section B-3).\u00a0 One who wishes to recite Kiddush<\/em> using a shot glass (i.e. 1 fl. oz. cup) should consult his Rav<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

35<\/a> See Igros Moshe O.C.<\/em> 2:75 and Aruch Hashulchan O.C.<\/em> 296:18.\u00a0 The advantage of iced tea over hot tea is that one can easily drink a m\u2019lo lugmav<\/em> quickly enough k\u2019dai shtiyas revi\u2019is<\/em> (see Mikrai Kodesh-Pesach<\/em> 47:3).\u00a0 When necessary, chamar medina<\/em> may also be used for Havdalah<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

36<\/a> Regarding when it is necessary to repeat Shema<\/em> and count Sefiras Ha\u2019omer<\/em> before Kiddush<\/em>, see S.S.K.<\/em> 47:22 and 52:5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

37<\/a> When Asara B\u2019Teves<\/em> (or any private fast) occurs on Friday, one must wait until Tzais Hakochavim<\/em> to recite Kiddush<\/em>.\u00a0 This case, and Taanis Bechorim<\/em> for those who fast all day on Erev Pesach<\/em>,are the only regular fasts that come to an end with the recitation of Kiddush<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

38<\/a> This time is based on the length of the day when 43\/48 of the time between sunrise and sunset has elapsed.\u00a0 In the United States in the winter, this is often less than one clock hour before sunset; in the summer it is 1 \u00bd – 2 hours before sunset.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

39<\/a> The night Kiddush<\/em> of Yom Tov<\/em> may also be said after plag hamincha<\/em>, l\u2019chatchila<\/em>, only on the following Yomin Tovim<\/em>:\u00a0\u00a0 1) the seventh night of Pesach<\/em>, 2) when the last night of Pesach<\/em> occurs on Shabbos<\/em> and 3) when the second night of Shavuos<\/em> occurs on Shabbos<\/em>.\u00a0 One should not recite Kiddush<\/em> before Tzais Hakochavim<\/em> (before it is dark and three stars are visible) on any other night of Yom Tov<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

40<\/a> This should only be done b\u2019shaas hadchak<\/em>.\u00a0 If one was unable to recite Kiddush<\/em> until after sunset on Shabbos<\/em> afternoon, one should still say it until Tzais Hakochavim<\/em> without Shaim U<\/em>\u2019Malchus<\/em> (i.e. say Boruch Asher Kidshanu v<\/em>\u2019ratza banu<\/em> \u2026 Boruch mekadesh HaShabbos<\/em>).\u00a0 See M.B.<\/em> 271:39.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

41<\/a> Shabbos<\/em> begins either because the sun has set, or because an individual has been mikabel Shabbos<\/em> by lighting candles or during davening<\/em> (e.g. by saying Bo\u2019ee B\u2019Shalom<\/em> of L\u2019cha Dodi<\/em>).\u00a0 A woman who is thirsty may drink water after lighting candles if it is still before sunset (S.S.K.<\/em> 43:46).\u00a0 Before Shabbos<\/em>, one may not begin a Hamotzee<\/em> meal from the 10th hour of the day (3 halachic<\/em> hours before sunset) so as not to suppress one\u2019s appetite.\u00a0 One may, however, eat cake or other Mezonos<\/em>. On Erev<\/em> Pesach<\/em>, one may not even eat Mezonos<\/em> after the 10th hour.\u00a0 Similarly, men may not eat Mezonos after the 10th hour on Erev Sukkos<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

42<\/a> For the various details regarding this halachah<\/em>, see Machze Eliyahu<\/em> 33:3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

43<\/a> However, on the Seder<\/em> night the seudah<\/em> does not immediately follow Kiddush<\/em> (due to Maggid<\/em>, etc.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

44 <\/a> On the second night of Rosh Hashana<\/em>, one should eat a new fruit immediately after Kiddush<\/em> or wear a new garment.\u00a0 On the first night of Sukkos<\/em>, Shehecheyanu<\/em> is recited after the brocha<\/em> of\u00a0 \u201cLayshev Basukkah,<\/em>\u201d and on the second night before \u201cLayshev Basukkah.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 When the second night of Sukkos<\/em> occurs on Motzai Shabbos<\/em>, the longest possible Kiddush<\/em> is recited.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

45 <\/a> One should recite Borei Meorei Ha\u2019aish<\/em> using the Yom Tov<\/em> candles, putting them together side by side while upright. They should not be tilted to touch each other. Alternatively, one may recite the brochah<\/em> using a non-frosted incandescent light bulb which was turned on before Shabbos<\/em> (or was turned on by a timer which was set before Shabbos<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

46 <\/a> When the last night of Pesach<\/em> occurs on Motzai Shabbos<\/em>, the acronym of \u201cYaKNeHa\u201d<\/em> would be applied as Shehecheyanu<\/em> (z\u2019man<\/em>) is not said.\u00a0 It should be noted that this case (i.e. when the last night of Pesach<\/em> occurs on Motzai Shabbos<\/em>) is the only time that Kiddush<\/em> ends with \u201cKodesh<\/em>\u201d (Hamavdil Bain Kodesh L’Kodesh<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Published Winter 2009<\/p>\n

One of the most beautiful scenes in Yiddishkeit is the family gathered around the table for Kiddush,\u00a0 a special moment for which we wait all week.\u00a0 On Yom Tov, the beautiful melody1<\/a> ushers in each of the Shalosh Regalim with much excitement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,27,62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kashurs-kurrents-2009","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-winter-kashrus-kurrents-2009"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Halachic Guide to Kiddush | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Published Winter 2009 One of the most beautiful scenes in Yiddishkeit is the family gathered around the table for Kiddush,\u00a0 a special moment for which we\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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