{"id":633,"date":"2013-08-15T20:22:29","date_gmt":"2013-08-15T20:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/?p=633"},"modified":"2016-05-09T15:53:27","modified_gmt":"2016-05-09T15:53:27","slug":"opening-up-a-can-of-worms-the-anisakis-controversy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/kashrus-kurrents\/633\/opening-up-a-can-of-worms-the-anisakis-controversy\/","title":{"rendered":"Opening Up A Can of Worms: The Anisakis Controversy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Published Summer 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

Toloyim<\/em> – the name strikes fear in the hearts of the G-d fearing balabusta<\/em>.\u00a0 It seems that toloyim<\/em> abound in the supermarket produce section in romaine lettuce, broccoli florets, fresh dill, cilantro, strawberries, and raspberries; the list is seemingly endless.\u00a0 From nuts to flour and from pasta to raisins, kinim<\/em> in Mitzrayim<\/em> seems to pale in comparison to what the kosher consumers are confronting today.\u00a0 The presence of insects in leafy greens, fruits, grains, and flour is nothing new.\u00a0 In fact, there is a complete section in Shulchan Aruch<\/em> dedicated exclusively to the halachos<\/em> of parasites found in produce and other food items a\/k\/a Hilchos Toloyim<\/em>.1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

It is remarkable that Shlomo Hamelech<\/em>\u2019s wise statement, \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05db\u05dc \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05ea\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05e9,2<\/sup><\/a> \u201cthere is nothing new under the sun,\u201d comes to life when one reads about the Shulchan Aruch<\/em>\u2019s treatment of insect infestation.\u00a0 Copepods, flour beetles, thrips, aphids, flies and worms are all discussed and analyzed, as well as the parameters of the prevalence of infestation and techniques for insect checking.<\/p>\n

What is an amazing true halachic<\/em> fact is that not all toloyim<\/em> are created equal.\u00a0 There are criteria that have to be met in order for a parasite to be deemed forbidden.\u00a0 In circumstances where a parasite grows in the flesh of its host and does not see the light of day, the fish with the worm in its flesh would be muttar<\/em> (permitted).\u00a0 If the parasite was found in the host\u2019s intestine, that parasite would be assur<\/em> (forbidden).<\/p>\n

Recently, an age-old question resurfaced regarding a very active marine fish parasite that can find its way into many hosts during its active life cycle, including human beings!\u00a0 The parasite in question is a round worm called Anisakis.\u00a0 The anisakis is a parasitic nematode, meaning a round worm that lives in or off a host fish.\u00a0 The origins of the anisakis are fascinating and tumultuous.<\/p>\n

Throughout the life cycle of an anisakis, it can literally \u201cworm\u201d its way into many different types of sea creatures and fish (see chart #4, #5, #6).\u00a0 The anisakis can also infect a human through the eating of raw fish (see chart #7) that contains an anisakis buried in its flesh (one of the pitfalls of eating sushi, and a real concern of the FDA).\u00a0 Among the kosher fish that can host the anisakis are wild salmon, halibut, sea bass and scrod.<\/p>\n

According to the literal explanation of the Shulchan Aruch<\/em>, if a parasite that is microscopic in size3<\/sup><\/a> finds its way into the host\u2019s flesh and begins to grow, the halacha<\/em> states that those toloyim<\/em> would be permitted based on the principle of \u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9 or
\n\u05d3\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d0 \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc\u05d9 ,4<\/sup><\/a> it grew from the host.\u00a0 If the nematode was found in the intestine, it would be forbidden because of \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0 \u05e7\u05d0\u05ea\u05d5 ,5<\/sup><\/a> \u201cit came from the outside.\u201d \u00a0This means that if the parasitic worm migrated from the ocean and was visible prior to being swallowed by its first host (i.e. a crustacean such as a krill, see chart #4), and then entered an intermediate host (e.g. halibut or salmon, see chart #5), then the parasite is forbidden because the worm has previously had the status of a \u05e9\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dd , \u201ca crawling marine creature.\u201d<\/p>\n

However, with the advent of scientific research, there are poskim<\/em> who question if this heter<\/em> applies with regard to the anisakis.\u00a0 There has been concrete scientific evidence attesting to the fact that the anisakis is over 0.4mm in size when swallowed by the krill.\u00a0 When the krill is then swallowed by a kosher host fish, the krill is digested and the parasite remains intact in the viscera (intestines of the fish).\u00a0 If the fish is caught and is not gutted immediately, the worm can and does migrate and penetrate into the flesh of the fish.\u00a0 This means that the anisakis, which has already taken on the status of a \u05e9\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dd , even though it was spotted in the flesh of the salmon and was assumed to be permitted, would in fact be forbidden.<\/p>\n

The anisakis question is not new but has recently caused quite a stir in the halachic<\/em> community.\u00a0 The gedolei haposkim<\/em> in Eretz Yisroel<\/em>, Rav<\/em> Eliyashiv shlit\u201da<\/em>; Rav<\/em> Wozner, shlit\u201da<\/em>; Rav<\/em> Nisin Karelitz shlit\u201da<\/em>; Rav<\/em> Chaim Kanievsky shlit\u201da<\/em>; and Rav<\/em> Moshe Sternbuch shlit\u201da<\/em> among others, have all forbidden fish that may possibly contain the presence of the anisakis.\u00a0 They feel that the fish is forbidden min HaTorah<\/em>, unless it has been checked.<\/p>\n

Many distinguished \u00a0\u05d7\u05d5\u05e5 \u05dc\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 poskim<\/em> (located outside of Eretz Yisroel<\/em>) maintain that the Shulchan Aruch<\/em>\u2019s criteria for permitting these types of fish is that as long as the anisakis is generated in the flesh, the fish is permitted.\u00a0 This is because we have the right to assume that it spawned in the flesh of the fish.\u00a0 Therefore, if one has found an anisakis in the flesh of a halibut or salmon, the fish is permissible.<\/p>\n

Practically speaking, how will this controversy be resolved?\u00a0 This is a question of an
\n\u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d0 .\u00a0 I believe that just as kashrus<\/em> has been vigilant regarding b\u2019dikas toloyim<\/em> on land, so too it will be vigilant in the sea.\u00a0 Kosher fish market mashgichim<\/em> will be trained to spot worms on a lightbox or under ultraviolet light.\u00a0 Kashrus<\/em> will be more alert and attentive in supervising the immediate gutting of the fish at the catch before canning, in order to effect a precipitous reduction in this problem.<\/p>\n

It is interesting to note that Rav<\/em> Moshe Feinstein zt\u201dl<\/em> was queried regarding this issue\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 35 years ago. \u00a0Rav<\/em> Moshe said unequivocally that checking the fish is not necessary.\u00a0 Upon hearing the response, Rav<\/em> Moshe was asked if he could write this in a Teshuva<\/em>, response.\u00a0 Rav<\/em> Moshe replied that he didn\u2019t want to commit this to writing because, \u201cIf I do, people might think there is a question.\u00a0 There is no question.\u00a0 No checking is required.\u201d\u00a0 But, Rav<\/em> Dovid Feinstein shlit\u201da<\/em> said that we have to analyze the contemporary facts.\u00a0 When the shaila<\/em> was raised 35 years ago, it was not known at that time that the anisakis migrated from the viscera to the flesh.<\/p>\n

Responsible kashrus<\/em> has and will be in a constant state of tikun<\/em>, improvement, as our knowledge of the food industry has grown.\u00a0 To that end, we have identified the latest kashrus<\/em> issues and implemented a system of checks and balances to deal with and resolve these new challenges, the most recent of which is the anisakis.<\/p>\n

One should not lose perspective regarding recent updates in kashrus<\/em> standards, when done so with the proper motivation.\u00a0 Our intent has never been to harm the kosher consumer, but rather to educate and save him from spiritual harm.<\/p>\n

\"anisakiasis\"<\/center>Kashrus Kurrents would like to thank the CDC, Centers for Disease Control, for permission to reprint their chart. <\/em><\/p>\n
<\/a>1. Yoreh Deah<\/em> 84 Koheles<\/em>
\n2. 1:9
\n3. \u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd\u05d0
\n4. Y.D.<\/em> 84:16, Aruch Hashulchan Y.D.<\/em> 84:89, Chulin<\/em> 67B
\n5. ibid<\/em><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Published Summer 2010<\/p>\n

Toloyim – the name strikes fear in the hearts of the G-d fearing balabusta.\u00a0 It seems that toloyim abound in the supermarket produce section in romaine lettuce, broccoli florets, fresh dill, cilantro, strawberries, and raspberries; the list is seemingly endless.\u00a0 From nuts to flour and from pasta to raisins, kinim in Mitzrayim seems to pale in comparison to what the kosher consumers are confronting today.\u00a0 The presence of insects in leafy greens, fruits, grains, and flour is nothing new.\u00a0 In fact, there is a complete section in Shulchan Aruch dedicated exclusively to the halachos of parasites found in produce and other food items a\/k\/a Hilchos Toloyim.1<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,27,60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kashurs-kurrents-2010","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-summer-kashrus-kurrents-2010"],"yoast_head":"\nOpening Up A Can of Worms: The Anisakis Controversy | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Published Summer 2010 Toloyim - 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