{"id":6235,"date":"2019-09-16T16:36:17","date_gmt":"2019-09-16T16:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/?p=6235"},"modified":"2022-02-22T01:27:33","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:27:33","slug":"undercover-the-halachos-of-schach-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/kashrus-kurrents\/6235\/undercover-the-halachos-of-schach-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Undercover: The Halachos of Schach"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When our \u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea speaks about the Festival of \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d5\u05ea it states,\u05d7\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05da \u05d1\u05d0\u05e1\u05e4\u05da \u05de\u05d2\u05e8\u05e0\u05da \u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05d1\u05da&#8221;,<sup>1&#8243;<\/sup> \u201cThe \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d5\u05ea holiday should be observed at the time that you harvest your grain and your wine,\u201d during the fall.&nbsp; Our \u05d7\u05db\u05de\u05d9\u05dd have taught us that this \u05e7\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4 has another interpretation.&nbsp; The \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4, in which we dwell during this \u05d7\u05d2 , should be made from the unused parts of the harvested grain and wine, namely the stalks of grain and twigs of the vine.&nbsp; These are the items that should be used for the \u05e1\u05db\u05da, the covering, which is placed on top of the \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 instead of a permanent roof.<\/p>\n<p>Our rabbis have further taught that this directive, \u05e4\u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05df \u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d1, includes other items that are similar to stalks and twigs that are no longer attached to the ground and cannot become ritually impure, \u05d8\u05de\u05d0.&nbsp; Unfinished wood slats, corn stalks, and palm branches are popular varieties that satisfy the criteria for \u05e1\u05db\u05da.<\/p>\n<p>Many natural materials are not qualified to be used for \u05e1\u05db\u05da.&nbsp; Leather is a natural product that does not grow from the ground; neither do cement or natural materials such as metal, none of which may be used for \u05e1\u05db\u05da.&nbsp; All types of foods are not kosher material for \u05e1\u05db\u05da.&nbsp; Included in this \u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d4 are grain husks that have some grains remaining in the husks.&nbsp; Wood products that are cut and shaped into vessels, utensils or equipment that is tubular would not qualify as \u05e1\u05db\u05da because these products can become \u05d8\u05de\u05d0.&nbsp;Even if the wood vessels were to be broken and unfit for their original use, and can no longer become \u05d8\u05de\u05d0, they remain disqualified.<\/p>\n<p>Although hollow, bent wooden pipes would not be kosher for \u05e1\u05db\u05da, hollow bamboo poles would be kosher because they grow hollow naturally and were not fashioned by anyone with the intention of putting things into their opening.&nbsp; Straight wooden pipes without indentations would be kosher, as would wooden beams, even those with imperfections in the wood.&nbsp; However, the custom is not to use them.<\/p>\n<p>Stems that are used for \u05e1\u05db\u05da must be in their original state and cannot be subject to further processing.&nbsp; Even items which cannot become \u05d8\u05de\u05d0 are \u05e4\u05e1\u05d5\u05dc \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df if they have been processed and their appearance has changed. For example, flax stems are kosher but flax rope is not.&nbsp; Cotton wool, which has been combed out and no longer resembles the natural cotton plant, would no longer qualify as \u05e1\u05db\u05da.<\/p>\n<p>Flax rope is problematic for another reason.&nbsp; According to \u05e8\u05e9&#8221;\u05d9, if the linen fibers were twisted into threads and braided into rope they are \u05e4\u05e1\u05d5\u05dc \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4.&nbsp; The \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 disqualifies them, as well as any other woven material.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Branches of a tree cannot be used for \u05e1\u05db\u05da if the branches are still connected to their original source.&nbsp; If the branch was still connected to the tree while covering the \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 and was then cut down, the branch would be disqualified. This is so, unless a person lifted the branch and then replaced it on the \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 with the intention of using the branch for \u05e1\u05db\u05da.&nbsp; Our rabbis have taught that \u05e1\u05db\u05da which has an unpleasant odor should preferably not be used.&nbsp; Kosher \u05e1\u05db\u05da has to remain fresh throughout the entire \u05d7\u05d2. Branches with leaves that will dry out during \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d5\u05ea, or vines that will shrivel, are disqualified and are not kosher even while the leaves are still fresh.<\/p>\n<p>Kosher \u05e1\u05db\u05da material must be placed on top of the \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 with the intention of being used for \u05e1\u05db\u05da.&nbsp; One cannot place kosher \u05e1\u05db\u05da material on top of the \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 with the intention of drying the material, and then change his mind in the course of the drying process.&nbsp; To this end, \u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d4 forbids the use of bundled \u05e1\u05db\u05da if it is generally subject to drying and our rabbis forbade its use even if it was intended for \u05e1\u05db\u05da.&nbsp; This restriction applies to bundles of 25 sticks or more that are tied in the middle or at both ends.<\/p>\n<p>How wide can the boards be in order to qualify as kosher \u05e1\u05db\u05da?&nbsp; One may use boards that are less than 4 \u05ea\u05e4\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd (x14\u201d) wide.&nbsp; Even if wider boards would be set on their sides, these boards would not be kosher.&nbsp; It is the custom not to even use narrower finished wood planks generally used in construction.<\/p>\n<p>As was previously stated, the criteria for \u05e1\u05db\u05da is threefold:&nbsp; 1) items that grow from the ground, 2) items that are no longer attached to the ground, and 3) items that cannot become \u05d8\u05de\u05d0. Reeds, straw, or wooden slats that are woven into mats would not qualify as \u05e1\u05db\u05da if they were woven for the purpose of sitting or sleeping upon, or any other specific function.&nbsp; However, if they were made expressly for \u05e1\u05db\u05da these mats would be kosher.<\/p>\n<p>Are bamboo mats that are held together with other materials, such as string or yarn, kosher? HaRav Moshe Feinstein, \u05d6\u05e6&#8221;\u05dc , ruled that venetian blinds that were made out of wooden slats and held together with cloth tape, which is \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d4, are not kosher.&nbsp; Even if the tape was removed, the slats remain non-kosher and disqualified for use as \u05e1\u05db\u05da.&nbsp; Based on Rav Moshe\u2019s reasoning, if the slats were held together by cloth tape, the mat would be considered an item that is \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 and could not halachically be used for \u05e1\u05db\u05da. &nbsp;Mats held together with braided nylon filament thread would be disqualified for the same reason since, according to \u05e8\u05e9&#8221;\u05d9, they are \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d4. &nbsp;However, monofilament line would not be disqualified because a monofilament line is not braided and is not \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d4. Therefore, if wooden mats were made for \u05e1\u05db\u05da using monofilament line, the mats would be kosher.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>A kosher monofilament mat must be placed on the \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 in the proper manner. &nbsp;The following guidelines must be followed: &nbsp;The bamboo slats should be placed perpendicular to the beams and walls upon which they rest in such a way that the slats would remain supported by the beams and walls, even if the monofilament line were to be removed. &nbsp;In other words, if the monofilament line (which does not qualify as \u05e1\u05db\u05da) is supporting the slats, the mat has been placed down improperly; one may not suspend \u05e1\u05db\u05da with non-\u05e1\u05db\u05da material. &nbsp;Furthermore, \u05e1\u05db\u05da mats must not be anchored with string to prevent the mat from blowing away in a normal wind (a \u05e8\u05d5\u05d7 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d9\u05d4). Instead, a kosher wooden beam may be placed across the mat in order to hold it down. A wooden beam placed on top of a monofilament mat should be positioned perpendicular to the slats. There are \u05e1\u05db\u05da mats available consisting of slats that are lined with natural fibers that are considered kosher for \u05e1\u05db\u05da. With this type of mat it is not necessary to ensure that the slats are placed perpendicular to the beams and walls.<br \/>\nCan kosher mats contain more than 25 slats, or would the mat be considered a bundle (\u05d7\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4)? Since the mat does not need to be dried, it may contain more than 25 slats without qualifying as a bundle.<\/p>\n<p>There is a \u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 as to whether one can support the \u05e1\u05db\u05da with something that is not kosher for use as \u05e1\u05db\u05da. &nbsp;Therefore, one should not support the \u05e1\u05db\u05da with anything that can become \u05d8\u05de\u05d0, i.e. metal rods or pipes. &nbsp;Also, one cannot use metal to weigh down the \u05e1\u05db\u05da so that it will not blow off with an ordinary wind. &nbsp;One may, however, hold down the support with something that is not kosher for use as \u05e1\u05db\u05da. &nbsp;If the \u05e1\u05db\u05da is supported by wooden beams, which are used to strengthen the \u05e1\u05db\u05da to prevent it from blowing away in an unusual wind, then nails or string may be used as a support to the beams, as long as the support is not part of the \u05e1\u05db\u05da.<\/p>\n<p>How much \u05e1\u05db\u05da should be used to cover the \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4? &nbsp;The amount required is determined by the amount necessary to shade the \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4. &nbsp;The \u05e1\u05db\u05da must be dense enough so that there should not be more sunlight than shade. &nbsp;However, it cannot be so dense that the rain would not be able to fall into the \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4.<\/p>\n<p>We have mentioned just some of the \u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd of \u05e1\u05db\u05da. There are many more \u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05ea; however, this article does not allow for a more elaborate discussion. &nbsp;In case of questions, a <em>halachic<\/em> authority should be consulted.<\/p>\n<p>\u05d4\u05e7\u05d1&#8221;\u05d4 should help us to properly fulfill the \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 of \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 so that we may merit to see with our own eyes His tabernacle of peace spread over the entire Jewish nation and \u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<ol>\n<li>\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d8\u05d6,\u05d9\u05d2<\/li>\n<li>(\u05d0\u05d5&#8221;\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9&#8217; \u05ea\u05e8\u05db\u05d8 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9&#8217;\u05d0) a \u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d7\u05df \u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05da states that \u05e1\u05db\u05da cannot consist of something that is \u2018\u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d4&#8217;. Furthermore, \u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4, kosher \u05e1\u05db\u05da may not be supported by anything which is \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 (see \u05e9\u05e2\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05dd \u05e1&#8221;\u05e7 \u05db).&nbsp; According to the opinion of \u05e8\u05e9&#8221;\u05d9 (as brought in \u05e9\u05e2\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05dd \u05e1&#8221;\u05e7 \u05db), spun or woven threads are \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d4.<\/li>\n<li>Rav Moshe Feinstein, (\u05d6\u05e6&#8221;\u05dc, ( \u05d0\u05d2\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5&#8221;\u05d7 \u05d7&#8221;\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9&#8217; \u05e7\u05e2\u05d6 paskens that if something which is \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 is used to hold wooden slats together, the slats themselves are also \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 and are no longer kosher for use as \u05e1\u05db\u05da. Therefore, Rav Moshe Feinstein, \u05d6\u05e6&#8221;\u05dc, explains that wooden venetian blinds held together with something woven are not kosher for \u05e1\u05db\u05da. It follows that according to \u05e8\u05e9&#8221;\u05d9, bamboo slats held together by multi-filament cord (i.e., it is braided or twisted) are also not kosher \u05e1\u05db\u05da (even if they are not made to sit or walk upon).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When our \u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea speaks about the Festival of \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d5\u05ea it states,\u05d7\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05da \u05d1\u05d0\u05e1\u05e4\u05da \u05de\u05d2\u05e8\u05e0\u05da \u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05d1\u05da&#8221;,1&#8243; \u201cThe \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d5\u05ea holiday should be observed at the time that you harvest your grain and your wine,\u201d during the fall.&nbsp; Our \u05d7\u05db\u05de\u05d9\u05dd have taught us that this \u05e7\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4 has another interpretation.&nbsp; The \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4, in which we dwell during this \u05d7\u05d2 , should be made from the unused parts of the harvested grain and wine, namely the stalks of grain and twigs of the vine.&nbsp; These are the items that should be used for the \u05e1\u05db\u05da, the covering, which is placed on top of the \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 instead of a permanent roof.<\/p>\n<p>Our rabbis have further taught that this directive, \u05e4\u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05df \u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d1, includes other items that are similar to stalks and twigs that are no longer attached to the ground and cannot become ritually impure, \u05d8\u05de\u05d0.&nbsp; Unfinished wood slats, corn stalks, and palm branches are [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6236,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[169,175,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kashrus-kurrents-2019","category-fall-kashrus-kurrents-2019","category-kashrus-kurrents"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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