{"id":6138,"date":"2019-06-28T17:44:17","date_gmt":"2019-06-28T17:44:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/?p=6138"},"modified":"2022-02-22T01:25:08","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:25:08","slug":"electric-shavers-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/kashrus-kurrents\/6138\/electric-shavers-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Electric Shavers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Since Star-K often receives questions regarding the use of electric shavers, this article will address the&nbsp;<em>halachic<\/em>&nbsp;concerns of removing one\u2019s facial hair.&nbsp; The&nbsp;Torah&nbsp;states, &#8220;\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e7\u05e4\u05d5 \u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05db\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05e7\u05e0\u05da&#8221; (\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d9&#8221;\u05d8 \u05db \u201cDo not round the corners of one\u2019s head and do not destroy the corner of one\u2019s beard\u201d . The&nbsp;Torah continues, \u201c\u05d5\u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05e7\u05d6\u05e0\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d2\u05dc\u05d7\u05d5 (\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05db, \u201cand the corner of one\u2019s beard they shall not shave\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>What are the actions of forbidden facial hair removal?&nbsp; The&nbsp;<em>Mishna<\/em>&nbsp;in \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05ea discusses which methods of removing facial hair are forbidden. \u05d4\u05e7\u05e4\u05d4, \u201crounding\u201d, refers to the complete removal of hair from the temple area.&nbsp; The terms \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7, \u201cshaving\u201d, and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 , \u201cdestroying\u201d refer to forbidden forms of removing one\u2019s beard.<\/p>\n<p>The&nbsp;<em>Mishna<\/em>&nbsp;does not offer a practical explanation of these actions.&nbsp; Do these terms refer to the cutting of hair using&nbsp;different&nbsp;types of shaving implements, or do these actions refer to different degrees of hair removal using the&nbsp;same&nbsp;shaving implement?&nbsp; There is much discussion amongst&nbsp;<em>halachic<\/em>&nbsp;authorities, and the consensus is that \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7, \u05d4\u05e7\u05e4\u05d4&nbsp;and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">&nbsp;are achieved by using various shaving implements with different overall capabilities to cut one\u2019s facial hair.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The shaving implements that are discussed in \u05e9\u05dc\u05d7\u05df \u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d9&#8221;\u05d3: \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05e4&#8221;\u05d0 are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd- scissors: a dual-edged cutting instrument whose blades work in unison to remove hair growth. Scissors generally do not have the ability to cut the hair close to the skin.<\/li>\n<li>\u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 \u2013 razor: a sharp straight-edged blade that is an extremely efficient means of hair removal.<\/li>\n<li>\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 \u2013 a scissor or scissor-like instrument that delivers a closer cut, which is similar to but not as effective as a \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>As mentioned earlier, there are varied opinions amongst the&nbsp;<em>Poskim<\/em>&nbsp;as to which shaving instruments are permitted to be used to cut a particular area of hair growth.&nbsp; <em>Halachic<\/em>&nbsp;authorities are generally in agreement that it would be permissible to use scissors on the \u05e4\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea area because they do not provide a close cut. Therefore, this would not qualify as a violation of \u05d4\u05e7\u05e4\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9.&nbsp;Cutting one\u2019s \u05ea\u05d5\u05d0\u05e4 with a razor is forbidden; taking a razor-cut haircut in the \u05e4\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea area would constitute a violation of \u05d4<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u05e7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u05e4\u05d4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The use of hair clippers is questionable.&nbsp; The&nbsp;<em>Shulchan Aruch<\/em>&nbsp;says we should take a stringent rather than lenient position with scissor-like instruments.&nbsp; Therefore, scissors would be the only permissible shaving instrument to trim the temple area.<\/p>\n<p>The issue of shaving the beard area is more involved since we have two actions working in concert, \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 .&nbsp; What is meant by the term \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4, destroying the hair? According to the&nbsp;<em>Chochmas Odam,<\/em> \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 is defined as the process of removing the entire facial hair to be even with the skin.&nbsp; Obviously, plucking out a hair removes the hair below the skin.&nbsp; Can \u201cbelow the skin\u201d hair removal be achieved with a straight-edge razor blade?<\/p>\n<p>The hair shaft grows under the skin, as well as above the skin.&nbsp; When one shaves with a razor, the skin is pulled taut and actually exposes the hair growing below the skin.&nbsp; The razor runs against the hair grain in the opposite direction of the pulled skin, lopping off the exposed hair.&nbsp; When the taut skin relaxes, the hair is actually cut below the skin.&nbsp; This is the definition of \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4.&nbsp;\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 is simply any normal method of shaving.<\/p>\n<p>Alternative effective methods of beard removal e.g. electrolysis, depilatory, or tweezers would definitely qualify for \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 but would not qualify as \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7, a means of shaving. Therefore, these methods would be&nbsp;<em>halachically<\/em> permissible.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, scissors qualify as a normal means of shaving.&nbsp; Since you can only cut a beard to a stubble when using this method, the other criteria of \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 would not be fulfilled. Scissors, therefore, would be a&nbsp;<em>halachically<\/em> permissible method to \u201cshave\u201d one\u2019s beard, provided that the blade nearer the skin is not sharp enough to cut by itself.<\/p>\n<p>Based on the above, the razor blade (\u05ea\u05e2\u05e8) , is the classic example of a shaving instrument forbidden by the&nbsp;Torah.&nbsp; The&nbsp;<em>Gemara<\/em>&nbsp;definitively states that shaving is forbidden with a \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d6\u05d4\u05d5 \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8.&nbsp; According to all&nbsp;<em>halachic<\/em>&nbsp;authorities, the razor fulfills both prohibitions of \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 and is forbidden to be used.<\/p>\n<p>Seemingly, any shaving implement that effectively cuts hair below the skin would also be categorized as a \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 , regardless of whether the shaving implement is single- or double-edged.&nbsp; As long as the hair is cut below the skin, one would violate both actions of \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4.&nbsp; Any shaving instrument that provides a less effective cut, where the hair is not cut below the skin but is even with the skin, would be categorized as a \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 cut.<\/p>\n<p>In summary the three levels of \u05d7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d2 are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u2013 cuts above the skin, a shaving process that does not qualify for \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 of the beard.<\/li>\n<li>\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 \u2013 cuts at skin level, which would also not qualify for \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4.<\/li>\n<li>\u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 \u2013 cuts below the skin creating \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4, the&nbsp;Torah\u2018s forbidden combination of hair removal.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>How would the electric shaver fare in the kosher shaving arena? &nbsp;The electric shaver is a relatively recent introduction to the shaving scene.&nbsp; Prior to the shaver, the only practical method of kosher beard removal was the use of shaving powder.&nbsp; The powder was mixed with water, forming a very offensive smelling paste that was spread on one\u2019s face and ate away the person\u2019s facial hair. One had to be careful to remove the paste quickly so that only facial hair, and not facial skin, would be removed.<\/p>\n<p>The electric shaver seemed to be a welcomed technologically&nbsp;<em>halachic<\/em>&nbsp;introduction, although shaving in general has not been without controversy.&nbsp; However, those&nbsp;<em>halachic<\/em>&nbsp;authorities that permitted shaving with electric shavers did so because it seemed to fulfill all&nbsp;<em>halachic<\/em>&nbsp;requirements.&nbsp; The shaver was made up of a vibrating head and screen, with the beard hair passed between the cutting edges of the screen and the vibrating head; the hair is cut off in a scissor-like cutting fashion between head and screen.&nbsp; The shave was closer than manual scissors, since the shaver cut the beard close to the skin. However, these shavers were never as powerful as they are today and did not effectively give a smooth shave.<\/p>\n<p>As shavers became more sophisticated, they also became more&nbsp;<em>halachically<\/em> challenging.&nbsp; With some models, the stronger motors made the head vibrate faster and cut the beard closer.&nbsp; The lift-and-cut shaving systems that evolved from the older Norelco Triplehead system claimed that they could shave as close as a razor. As the skin was held taut, the shaver alleged to cut the beard below the skin like a \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 .&nbsp; Although shaving professionals will admit that the closeness of one\u2019s shave depends upon a person\u2019s beard conditions and texture, realistically the system works better in theory than in practice.<\/p>\n<p><em>Hagaon<\/em>&nbsp;R\u2019 Moshe Feinstein, \u05d6\u05e6&#8221;\u05dc, was of the opinion that the <em>Gemara\u2019s<\/em> statement \u2013 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d6\u05d4&nbsp; \u2013 is teaching us that only the \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8, the straight-edged razor, is the&nbsp;Torah\u2018s forbidden form of \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 and \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 .&nbsp; Any other method of \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 and \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 would be permitted.&nbsp; Based on this fundamental understanding of the <em>Gemara,<\/em> electric shavers would be permitted even if the shaver removed facial hair beneath the skin, since the shaver works in a scissor-like and not razor-like fashion.<\/p>\n<p>However, due to the increased sharpness of the blades of the rotating heads it is conceivable that the blades could cut the beard hairs off before the combined cutting of blade and screen.&nbsp; Therefore, even according to the&nbsp;<em>Poskim<\/em>&nbsp;that permit electric shavers, this shaver would be problematic because it would be cutting like a \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 , which is \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 .&nbsp; Can one practically determine whether the shaver in question is a kosher model?<\/p>\n<p><em>Hagaon<\/em>&nbsp;R\u2019 Moshe Feinstein, \u05d6\u05e6&#8221;\u05dc, who permitted the use of electric shavers, used a criteria similar to the&nbsp;<em>shochet<\/em>&nbsp;who would demonstrate how sharp his \u05d7\u05dc\u05e3&nbsp;<em>(shechita<\/em>&nbsp;knife) was.&nbsp; To show the sharp edge of his knife, a&nbsp;<em>shochet<\/em>&nbsp;would take a hair from his beard and, holding the hair in one hand, the&nbsp;<em>shochet<\/em> would see whether the \u05d7\u05dc\u05e3 cut the dangling hair.&nbsp; If the hair was severed, the&nbsp;<em>shochet\u2018s<\/em> steel passed the test.<\/p>\n<p>In a similar manner, R\u2019 Moshe would often test the sharpness of an electric shaver\u2019s blades by taking a beard hair and testing the blades!&nbsp; The shaver would be acceptable if the hair was held taut and did&nbsp;not&nbsp;split in half.<\/p>\n<p>The only practical suggestion that can be given to one whose shaver failed this test is to dull the blades.&nbsp;&nbsp; This can be done by taking a key or some other hard, flat instrument and running it along the sharp edge of the blade;&nbsp;obviously, this shaver will not work as well. Nevertheless, it is still effective and will transform a previously questionable shaver into one that is acceptable by the&nbsp;<em>Poskim<\/em>&nbsp;who permit the use of shavers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since Star-K often receives questions regarding the use of electric shavers, this article will address the&nbsp;halachic&nbsp;concerns of removing one\u2019s facial hair.&nbsp; The&nbsp;Torah&nbsp;states, &#8220;\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e7\u05e4\u05d5 \u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05db\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05e7\u05e0\u05da&#8221; (\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d9&#8221;\u05d8 \u05db \u201cDo not round the corners of one\u2019s head and do not destroy the corner of one\u2019s beard\u201d . The&nbsp;Torah continues, \u201c\u05d5\u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05e7\u05d6\u05e0\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d2\u05dc\u05d7\u05d5 (\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05db, \u201cand the corner of one\u2019s beard they shall not shave\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>What are the actions of forbidden facial hair removal?&nbsp; The&nbsp;Mishna&nbsp;in \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05ea discusses which methods of removing facial hair are forbidden. \u05d4\u05e7\u05e4\u05d4, \u201crounding\u201d, refers to the complete removal of hair from the temple area.&nbsp; The terms \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7, \u201cshaving\u201d, and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 , \u201cdestroying\u201d refer to forbidden forms of removing one\u2019s beard.<\/p>\n<p>The&nbsp;Mishna&nbsp;does not offer a practical explanation of these actions.&nbsp; Do these terms refer to the cutting of hair using&nbsp;different&nbsp;types of shaving implements, or do these actions refer to different degrees of hair removal [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6140,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[169,27,174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kashrus-kurrents-2019","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-summer-kashrus-kurrents-2019"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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