{"id":563,"date":"2013-08-15T19:58:23","date_gmt":"2013-08-15T19:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/?p=563"},"modified":"2017-12-12T15:51:46","modified_gmt":"2017-12-12T15:51:46","slug":"electric-shavers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/kashrus-kurrents\/563\/electric-shavers\/","title":{"rendered":"Electric Shavers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Published Spring 2012<\/em><\/p>\n

Since the Star-K often receives questions regarding the use of electric shavers, this article will address the halachic<\/em> concerns of removing one’s facial hair.\u00a0 The Torah<\/em> states “\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e7\u05e4\u05d5 \u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05db\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05e7\u05e0\u05da” , Do not round the corners of one’s head, and do not destroy the corner of one’s beard\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d9”\u05d8 \u05db) ). The Torah<\/em> continues, “\u05d5\u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05e7\u05e0\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d2\u05dc\u05d7\u05d5” (\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05db”\u05d0 \u05d4 ) and the corner of one’s beard they shall not shave.<\/p>\n

What are the actions of forbidden facial hair removal?\u00a0 The Mishna<\/em> in \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05ea discusses which methods of removing facial hair are forbidden. \u05d4\u05e7\u05e4\u05d4, “rounding”, refers to the complete removal of hair from the temple area.\u00a0 Whereas the terms \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7, “shaving”, and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 , “destroying” refer to forbidden forms of removing one’s beard.<\/p>\n

The Mishna<\/em> does not offer a practical explanation of these actions.\u00a0 Do these terms refer to the cutting of hair using different<\/span> types of shaving implements, or do these actions refer to different degrees of hair removal using the same<\/span> shaving implement?\u00a0 There is much discussion about these concepts amongst halachic<\/em> authorities, yet, the consensus of opinion is that these forbidden violations of \u05d4\u05e7\u05e4\u05d4, \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 are achieved by using shaving implements that have different cutting abilities to cut one’s facial hair.<\/p>\n

The shaving implements that are discussed in \u05e9\u05dc\u05d7\u05df \u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d9”\u05d3; \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05e4”\u05d0 are:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd- scissors, a dual edged cutting instrument whose blades work in unison to remove hair growth. Scissors generally do not have the ability to cut the hair close to the skin.<\/li>\n
  2. \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 – the razor sharp straight-edged blade that is an extremely efficient means of hair removal.<\/li>\n
  3. \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 – a scissor or scissor-like instrument that delivers a closer cut, which is similar to but not as effective as a \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    As mentioned earlier, there are varied opinions amongst the Poskim<\/em> as to which shaving instruments are permitted to be used to cut a particular area of hair growth.\u00a0 Putting the merits of having or keeping long\u00a0\u05e4\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea aside, the shaving of the temple area, halachic<\/em> authorities are generally in agreement that scissors, because they do not give a close cut, would be permissible to be used for the \u05e4\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea area and would not qualify for a violation of\u05d4\u05e7\u05e4\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9 .\u00a0 Cutting one’s \u05e4\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea with a razor is forbidden. Therefore, taking a razor-cut haircut in the \u05e4\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea area would constitute a violation of \u05d4\u05e7\u05e4\u05d4.<\/p>\n

    \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 , for example a pair of clippers, is questionable.\u00a0 The Shulchan Aruch<\/em> says we should take a stringent rather than lenient position with scissor-like instruments.\u00a0 Therefore, scissors would be the only permissible shaving instrument to trim the temple area.<\/p>\n

    The issue of shaving the beard area is more involved since we have two actions working in concert,\u00a0 \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 .\u00a0 What is meant by the term\u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 , destroying the hair? According to the Chochmas Odam<\/em>, \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 \u00a0 is defined as the process of removing the entire facial hair below the skin.\u00a0 Obviously, plucking out a hair removes the hair below the skin.\u00a0 Can “below the skin” hair removal be achieved with a straight-edge razor blade?<\/p>\n

    The hair shaft grows under the skin, as well as above the skin.\u00a0 When one shaves with a razor, the skin is pulled taut actually exposing the hair growing below the skin.\u00a0 The razor runs against the hair grain in the opposite direction of the pulled skin lopping off the exposed hair.\u00a0 When the taut skin relaxes, the hair is actually cut below the skin.\u00a0 This is the definition of \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 .\u00a0 \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 is simply any normal method of shaving.<\/p>\n

    Alternative effective methods of beard removal e.g. electrolysis, depilatory, or tweezers would definitely qualify for \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 but would not qualify as a means of shaving, \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 ; therefore, they would be halachic<\/em>ally permissible.<\/p>\n

    On the other hand, scissors qualify as a normal means of shaving.\u00a0 Since you can only cut a beard to a stubble, when using this method, the other criteria of \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 would not be fulfilled. Scissors, therefore, would be a halachic<\/em>ally permissible method to “shave” one’s beard, providing that the blade nearer to the skin is not sharp enough to cut by itself.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Based on the above, the razor blade, the \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 , is the classic example of a shaving instrument that the Torah<\/em> forbids.\u00a0 The Gemara<\/em> definitively states this position clearly, that shaving is forbidden with a \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d6\u05d4\u05d5 \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 .\u00a0 According to all halachic<\/em> authorities, the razor fulfills both prohibitions of \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 and is forbidden to be used.<\/p>\n

    Seemingly, any shaving implement that effectively cuts hair below the skin would also be categorized as a \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 , regardless of whether the shaving implement is single or double edged.\u00a0 As long as the hair is cut below the skin, one would violate both actions of \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 .\u00a0 Any shaving instrument giving a less effective cut, where the hair is not cut below the skin but even with the skin, would be categorized as a \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 cut.<\/p>\n

    In summary the three levels of \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 are:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd – that cuts above the skin, a shaving process that does not qualify for \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 of the beard.<\/li>\n
    2. \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 – that cut at skin level, which would also not qualify for \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 .<\/li>\n
    3. \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 – that cuts below the skin creating \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 and \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 , the Torah<\/em>‘s forbidden combination of hair removal.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      How would the electric shaver fare in the kosher shaving arena? \u00a0The electric shaver is a relatively recent introduction to the shaving scene.\u00a0 Prior to the shaver, the only practical method of kosher beard removal was the use of shaving powder.\u00a0 The powder was mixed with water and made a very offensive smelling paste that was spread on one’s face and ate away the person’s facial hair. One had to be careful to remove the paste in haste so that only facial hair, and not facial skin, would be removed.<\/p>\n

      The electric shaver seemed to be a welcome technical halachic<\/em> introduction, although shaving in general has not been without controversy.\u00a0 However, those halachic<\/em> authorities that permitted shaving with electric shavers did so because it seemed to fulfill all halachic<\/em> requirements.\u00a0 The shaver was made up of a vibrating head and screen, with the beard hair passed between the cutting edges of the screen and the vibrating head; the hair is cut off in a scissor-like cutting fashion between head and screen.\u00a0 The shave was closer than manual scissors, since the shaver cut the beard close to the skin, yet it never effectively gave a smooth shave because they were not as powerful as they are today.<\/p>\n

      As shavers became more sophisticated, they also became more halachic<\/em>ally challenging.\u00a0 With some models, the stronger motors made the head vibrate faster and cut the beard closer.\u00a0 The lift and cut shaving systems that evolved from the older Norelco Triplehead system claimed that they could shave as close as a razor. As the skin was held taut, the shaver alleged to cut the beard below the skin like a \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 .\u00a0 Although shaving professionals will admit that the closeness of one’s shave depends upon a person’s beard conditions and texture, realistically, the system works better in theory than in practice.<\/p>\n

      Hagaon<\/em> R’ Moshe Feinstein \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc was of the opinion that the \u00a0\u05d2\u05de\u05e8\u05d0 ‘s statement – \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d6\u05d4 \u00a0is teaching us that only the \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 , the straight-edged razor, is the Torah<\/em>‘s forbidden form of \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 and \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 .\u00a0 Any other method of \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 and \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 would be permitted.\u00a0 Based on this fundamental understanding of the \u05d2\u05de\u05e8\u05d0 , electric shavers would be permitted even if the shaver removed facial hair beneath the skin, since the shaver works in a scissor-like and not razor-like action.<\/p>\n

      However, due to the increased sharpness of the blades of the rotating heads it is conceivable that the blades could cut the beard hairs off before the combined cutting of blade and screen.\u00a0 Therefore, even according to the Poskim<\/em> that permit electric shavers, this shaver would be problematic, because it would be cutting like a \u05ea\u05e2\u05e8 , which is \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 .\u00a0 Can one practically determine whether the shaver in question is a kosher model?<\/p>\n

      Hagaon<\/em> R’ Moshe Feinstein \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc , who permitted the use of electric shavers used a criteria similar to the shochet<\/em> who would demonstrate how sharp his \u05d7\u05dc\u05e3 (shechita<\/em> knife) was.\u00a0 To show the sharp edge of his knife, a shochet<\/em> would take a hair from his beard, and holding the hair in one hand the shochet<\/em> would see whether the \u05d7\u05dc\u05e3 cut the dangling hair.\u00a0 If the hair was severed, the shochet<\/em>‘s steel passed the test.<\/p>\n

      So too, in a similar manner, R’ Moshe would often test the sharpness of an electric shaver’s blades.\u00a0 He would take a beard hair and test the blades!\u00a0 The shaver would be acceptable if the hair was held taut and was not<\/span> split in half.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      The only practical suggestion that can be given to one whose shaver failed this test is to dull the blades.\u00a0\u00a0 This can be done by taking a key or some other hard, flat instrument and running it along the sharp edge of the blade.\u00a0 Obviously, this shaver will not work as well; nevertheless, it is still effective and will transform a previously questionable shaver into one that is acceptable by the Poskim<\/em> who permit the use of shavers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Published Spring 2012<\/p>\n

      Since the Star-K often receives questions regarding the use of electric shavers, this article will address the halachic concerns of removing one’s facial hair.\u00a0 The Torah states “\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e7\u05e4\u05d5 \u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05db\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05e7\u05e0\u05da” , Do not round the corners of one’s head, and do not destroy the corner of one’s beard\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d9”\u05d8 \u05db) ). The Torah continues, “\u05d5\u05e4\u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05e7\u05e0\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d2\u05dc\u05d7\u05d5” (\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05db”\u05d0 \u05d4 ) and the corner of one’s beard they shall not shave.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1059,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,27,52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kashurs-kurrents-2012","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-spring-kashrus-kurrents-2012"],"yoast_head":"\nElectric Shavers | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Published Spring 2012 Since the Star-K often receives questions regarding the use of electric shavers, this article will address the halachic concerns of\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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