{"id":2168,"date":"2015-07-06T17:54:05","date_gmt":"2015-07-06T17:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/?p=2168"},"modified":"2016-05-11T16:09:43","modified_gmt":"2016-05-11T16:09:43","slug":"food-fit-for-a-king-reviewing-the-laws-of-bishul-akum-and-bishul-yisroel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/kashrus-kurrents\/2168\/food-fit-for-a-king-reviewing-the-laws-of-bishul-akum-and-bishul-yisroel\/","title":{"rendered":"Food Fit for a King: Reviewing the Laws of Bishul Akum and Bishul Yisroel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
Published Spring 2014
\n<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/i>It is not uncommon for food manufacturers to call us with a keen interest in kosher certification without the\u00a0the\u00a0slightest idea what it takes to produce a kosher product.\u00a0\u00a0What complicates matters is that they would like to have a\u00a0kashrus<\/i>\u00a0tutorial capsulized into a telephone conversation.\u00a0\u00a0Obviously, we can’t give a thorough\u00a0kashrus<\/i>\u00a0course over the phone, but we can categorize practical\u00a0kashrus<\/i>\u00a0into three main areas: ingredients, equipment, and process.<\/span><\/span><\/span>Occasionally, there may be circumstances where both ingredients and equipment are 100% kosher.\u00a0\u00a0Through a violation of a rabbinic ordinance, some foods or food products would be prohibited, while other food products undergoing the very same process would remain 100% kosher.\u00a0\u00a0This disqualifying process occurs when certain foods are totally and exclusively cooked by an\u00a0aino<\/i>\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>, a person who is not required by the\u00a0Torah<\/i>\u00a0to keep kosher.\u00a0\u00a0When a kosher raw chicken is boiled in a pot of water by an\u00a0aino<\/i>\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>, it is as non-kosher as chicken cooked in butter!\u00a0\u00a0Our rabbis call this disqualification\u00a0bishul akum<\/i><\/b>, literally, food cooked by a person not required by the\u00a0Torah<\/i>\u00a0to keep kosher.\u00a0\u00a0There are two reasons why ourchachomim<\/i>, sages, enacted this ordinance:\u00a0\u00a0First, as a precaution against inadvertently eating non-kosher food; Second, as\u00a0a prevention\u00a0against unnecessary socialization that could lead to intermarriage.In situations where\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0would present a problem, our\u00a0chachomim<\/i>\u00a0have instructed us that this disqualification can be avoided by having the observant Jewish homemaker or amashgiach<\/i>, a kosher supervisor, perform an integral part of the cooking process, such as turning on the fire.\u00a0\u00a0When a\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>, an observant Jew, assists in the preparation, we say that the food is prepared through\u00a0bishul\u00a0yisroel<\/i>.In order for the consumer to understand these important kosher laws clearly, we will delineate the circumstances where the prohibition of\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0does\u00a0not<\/span>\u00a0apply.I. Prohibition of\u00a0Bishul Akum<\/i>\u00a0Does Not Apply To…<\/b><\/p>\n
    \n
  • Foods that can be eaten raw.\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0This applies even to food that tastes better cooked or baked rather than raw (e.g., baked apples or applesauce).\u00a0\u00a0The reason why our\u00a0chachomim<\/i>\u00a0permitted these dishes is because we can eat this food without the intervention of the\u00a0aino<\/i>\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>.\u00a0\u00a0We do not feel obliged to the cook for his assistance in preparation of these products, thereby lessening any social bond created by the food.<\/li>\n
  • Foods whose form and taste do not change through cooking.<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0This applies even to food that would normally not be eaten without cooking (e.g., pasteurized milk or distilled water).<\/li>\n
  • Foods that are still inedible and require more cooking to make the food edible.<\/b>\u00a0This would apply to partial preparation by the\u00a0akum<\/i>\u00a0and the finishing process by theYehudi<\/i>,\u00a0or partial preparation by the\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>\u00a0and the finishing process by the\u00a0akum<\/i>.<\/li>\n
  • Foods that are not prestigious and would not be served at a king\u2019s table when hosting an official state dinner<\/b>\u00a0(e.g., baked beans or corn flakes).\u00a0\u00a0These foods are permitted because a person does not experience deep feelings of gratitude and appreciation when someone warms up a can of string beans.\u00a0\u00a0Therefore, cooking non-prestigious food would not bring on feelings of closeness between preparer and recipient.\u00a0\u00a0Any food that would not be served at a wedding feast because it is not elegant (e.g., doughnuts) would certainly not qualify for\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>.<\/li>\n
  • Foods which are generally not eaten together with a meal or are not eaten for healthy nutrition<\/b>\u00a0(e.g., candy, or potato chips).\u00a0\u00a0According to many\u00a0poskim<\/i>,\u00a0halachic\u00a0<\/i>authorities, these types of food would not be forbidden as a\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0product.<\/li>\n
  • Foods of any combination whose main ingredient does not qualify for\u00a0bishul akum<\/i><\/b>\u00a0would be acceptable\u00a0as long as all the ingredients are blended together<\/b>.\u00a0\u00a0An example of such a product would be brewed coffee, which is a combination of water and roasted coffee beans. Cooked water does not qualify for\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>.\u00a0\u00a0Although roasted coffee beans cannot be used without brewing, coffee is a prestigious beverage which is served at weddings.\u00a0\u00a0Nevertheless, since the water is considered the main component of the beverage and the coffee is considered a flavoring, freshly brewed coffee would not be subject to the restriction of\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>.<\/li>\n
  • Foods that are microwaved by an\u00a0aino<\/i>\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>.<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0Bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0does not apply to microwaved food.\u00a0\u00a0The rabbinical prohibition of\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0applies only to conventional cooking methods through fire (e.g., cooking, frying, roasting).\u00a0\u00a0Food prepared through microwaving is not included in the prohibition.<\/li>\n
  • Foods that are prepared by brining or smoking<\/b>\u00a0would not be prohibited.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Often asked\u00a0Bishul Akum<\/i>\u00a0Questions…<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Does\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0apply to canned goods?<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0The answer is that it depends. Canned soups and canned pasta would present a problem of\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0without\u00a0proper supervision<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0Canned fruit would not present a\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0problem because fruit is usually eaten raw.\u00a0\u00a0As long as the fruit has been processed on kosher equipment with kosher ingredients, it would be permitted.\u00a0\u00a0Canned vegetables that are either eaten raw or are not elegant enough to be served at a state dinner would not have a\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>problem.\u00a0\u00a0Whole asparagus, when served alone, is a prestigious food.\u00a0\u00a0Therefore, canned whole asparagus should only be used with a reliable\u00a0hechsher<\/i>\u00a0which surely addressed the\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0issue.<\/li>\n
    • Is\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0subjective?<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0The\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0prohibitions can change depending upon the different culinary customs of the country in question.\u00a0\u00a0Canned mushrooms is\u00a0an example of this subjectivity.\u00a0\u00a0In the United States, canned mushrooms do not require\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0for the following reasons:\u00a0\u00a01) Mushrooms are eaten raw; 2) Canned mushrooms are not eaten by themselves in a prestigious manner, they are further processed in sauces or casseroles.\u00a0\u00a0Therefore, in the U.S. canned mushrooms would not be subject to\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0restrictions.\u00a0\u00a0In Israel, however, where mushrooms are not eaten raw and mushrooms are considered a prestigious food, the restrictions ofbishul akum<\/i>\u00a0may<\/span>\u00a0apply.Interestingly, certain third world countries view potato chips as a prestigious food.\u00a0\u00a0The U.S. considers potato chips \u201cjunk\u201d food.\u00a0\u00a0Obviously, in countries where potato chips reach a king\u2019s state dinner, potato chips would also be subject to the laws of\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>.<\/li>\n
    • Does\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0apply to rice?<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0Instant rice and minute rice are products that are fully cooked and then re-dried so that the product can be easily rehydrated (e.g., boil-in-the-bag rice).\u00a0\u00a0This product is subject to\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0at the point of manufacture because the rice was fully cooked and would be fit for a state dinner.\u00a0\u00a0Parboiled rice is steamed with the outer shell intact in order for the nutrients of the hull to be cooked into the kernel.\u00a0\u00a0The kernels are then pearled and sold as raw rice.\u00a0\u00a0A good example of parboiled rice is Uncle Ben\u2019s converted rice.\u00a0\u00a0Parboiled\/converted rice would not be subject to the laws of\u00a0bishul akum\u00a0<\/i>at the point of manufacture, since it requires further cooking which must be done by a Jew.<\/li>\n
    • Does\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>\u00a0apply to Rice\u00a0Krispies?<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0The raw rice is pre-cooked before being popped into crisp rice.\u00a0\u00a0Would the pre-cooked rice be subject to the\u00a0bishul akum\u00a0<\/i>prohibition?\u00a0\u00a0The\u00a0Kelloggs\u2019 technical staff explained to the STAR-K that although it is true that the rice is pre-cooked before toasting, this pre-popped rice is rubbery and edible but not fit for a king\u2019s repast.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Since the pre-cooked rice is technically edible, although not appealing, any subsequent\u00a0process\u00a0\u00a0including\u00a0popping and flavoring, would not subject the rice to the restrictions of\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>.\u00a0\u00a0Popped rice cereal is not\u00a0oleh<\/i>\u00a0al shulchan\u00a0melachim<\/i>.<\/li>\n
    • The White House State Dinner Policy<\/b>\u00a0– The STAR-K asked the White House executive chef about the White House banquet policy regarding the use of canned products for state dinners.\u00a0\u00a0A specific question was, \u2018What\u00a0is the policy regarding canned cranberry sauce?\u2019\u00a0\u00a0We also asked whether potato chips are served at state dinners.\u00a0\u00a0The chef\u2019s response was as follows, \u201cWe would serve whatever the guest wants.\u00a0\u00a0However, we\u00a0never served<\/span>\u00a0potato chips, nor do we ever use canned goods…everything is prepared fresh!\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Note1:<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0Even though the White House may never use canned foods, if the food was first cooked before the canning process, then at that time it is perfectly fit for use at a state dinner, and the subsequent canning does not remove the proscription of\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>.<\/p>\n

      Note 2:<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0If a product is disqualified due to\u00a0bishul akum<\/i>, the utensils are also considered non-kosher and have to be\u00a0kashered<\/i>.\u00a0\u00a0If stoneware or\u00a0teflon-coated utensils were used, one should ask his\u00a0rav<\/i>\u00a0for guidance on\u00a0kashering<\/i>.<\/p>\n

      II.\u00a0Bishul Yisroel<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

      As previously mentioned, when an observant Jew has played an integral part in the food preparation, that product is known as food that has been prepared through\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i><\/b>, literally, food cooked by an observant Jew.<\/p>\n

      The cooking processes requiring\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0are:\u00a0\u00a0boiling, broiling, baking, frying, deep frying and roasting.\u00a0\u00a0Some examples of foods requiring\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0include: soups, shish kebob, roasts and rice pilaf.<\/p>\n

      Notable exceptions are bread products that are baked commercially.\u00a0\u00a0Bread\/cake products have separate laws governing their use.<\/p>\n

      The Process<\/b>\u00a0– The\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0process can be achieved in one of two ways:\u00a0\u00a0a) The food is placed in a cold stove or cooking apparatus and then the\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>\u00a0lights the fire; b) The fire or pilot light in an empty oven is first lit by the\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>\u00a0and remains lit continuously.\u00a0\u00a0After the pilot light is lit, the food can be placed inside by anyone.\u00a0\u00a0The first method is the optimal one.<\/p>\n

      Often Asked\u00a0Bishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0Questions…<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      • If a pilot light is burning continuously, how long can it remain lit without\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>intervention and still be considered\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>?<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0If the pilot light is directly heating the stove or the pot, as the old style pilot lights of a gas oven, the light can burn indefinitely and still retain\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0status.\u00a0\u00a0If the pilot light indirectly lights the burner but does not add heat to the food, as the old style central pilot light of a gas cooktop, then a\u00a0halachic<\/i>\u00a0authority needs to be consulted to determine if the burner needs to be lit each time (even the first time) by a\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>, even though the pilot light burns continuously.<\/li>\n
      • Can\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0be achieved by setting a timer that will ignite the oven at set intervals?\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0No.\u00a0\u00a0Since the\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>\u00a0does not perform direct lighting of the oven, it would not qualify for\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>.\u00a0\u00a0In commercial settings (e.g., hotels, hospitals or factories) where large boilers provide the steam for the cooking equipment,\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0requirements would be fulfilled if the\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>\u00a0flips a switch or presses a button that directly ignites a boiler.If the action that is performed by the\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>\u00a0causes an indirect lighting of the oven, that action may not qualify for\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>.\u00a0\u00a0Hence, dialing a number that in turn trips a switch that in turn lights an oven would be considered a \u201cgrama<\/i>\u201d, an indirect action that may not qualify for\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>.\u00a0\u00a0Rabbinic guidance is recommended.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n
        • Would a glow bar or glow\u00a0plug\u00a0that was turned on by a\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>\u00a0and was burning continuously qualify for\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>?<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0The minimum\u00a0halachic<\/i>\u00a0requirement forbishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0is \u201chashlochas<\/i>\u00a0kisem<\/i>\u201d, literally, to throw a small wood chip into the fire.\u00a0Any minor action that contributes heat to the cooking would qualify for\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>.\u00a0If the oven would be hotwired so that a bulb or a glow bar could be placed into the oven cavity, turned on by the\u00a0Yehudi,and<\/i>\u00a0left on permanently, the additional heat given off by the light bulb or glow plug (which is considered fire) would more than qualify for\u00a0hashlochas<\/i>\u00a0kisem<\/i>\u00a0and would fulfill the requirements of\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>.<\/li>\n
        • If an oven that was lit by a\u00a0Yehudi<\/i>\u00a0was subsequently turned off, but remained warm until being relit by an\u00a0akum<\/i>, would the\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0status of this oven be nullified?<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0As long as\u00a0the\u00a0oven remains warm, the\u00a0bishul Yisroel<\/i>\u00a0status remains intact.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Published Spring 2014
          \n<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/i>It is not uncommon for food manufacturers to call us with a keen interest in kosher certification without the\u00a0the\u00a0slightest idea what it takes to produce a kosher product.\u00a0\u00a0What complicates matters is that they would like to have a\u00a0kashrus<\/i>\u00a0tutorial capsulized into a telephone conversation.\u00a0\u00a0Obviously, we can’t give a thorough\u00a0kashrus<\/i>\u00a0course over the phone, but we can categorize practical\u00a0kashrus<\/i>\u00a0into three main areas: ingredients, equipment, and process.<\/span><\/span><\/span>Occasionally, there may be circumstances where both ingredients and equipment are 100% kosher.\u00a0\u00a0Through a violation of a rabbinic ordinance, some foods or food products would be prohibited, while other food products undergoing the very same process would […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84,27,99],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kashrus-kurrents-2014","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-spring-kashrus-kurrents-2014"],"yoast_head":"\nFood Fit for a King: Reviewing the Laws of Bishul Akum and Bishul Yisroel | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Published Spring 2014 It is not uncommon for food manufacturers to call us with a keen interest in kosher certification without the\u00a0the\u00a0slightest idea\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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