{"id":15740,"date":"2025-03-20T21:44:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T21:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/?p=15740"},"modified":"2025-11-10T18:15:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T18:15:29","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/articles\/15740\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary of Terms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Submit Request to Add New Term<\/a><\/div>
\n\n\n\n

Alos Hashachar<\/strong> \u2013 dawn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bar Mitzvah<\/strong> \u2013 a 13-year-old boy who is required to observe the commandments; also refers to the celebration commemorating the boy reaching that age<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bas Mitzvah<\/strong> \u2013 a 12-year-old girl who is required to observe the commandments; also refers to the celebration commemorating the girl reaching that age<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Batul<\/strong> \u2013 nullified<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birkas Hamazon<\/strong> (\u201cthe Grace After Meals\u201d) \u2013 blessing after a meal that included bread<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bishul Akum<\/strong> \u2013 food cooked by a Gentile<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bishul Yisroel<\/strong> \u2013 food prepared under the supervision of a mashgiach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blech <\/strong>\u2013 Yiddish term for a sheet of metal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bris Milah<\/strong> \u2013 circumcision of a baby boy, usually when he is eight days old<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brachos<\/strong> \u2013 blessings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charoses<\/strong> \u2013 a symbolic mixture of fruit, wine and nuts eaten at the Passover seder meal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chatzos Halylah<\/strong> \u2013 midnight (halfway between sunset and sunrise)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chatzos Hayom<\/strong> \u2013 midday (halfway between sunrise and sunset)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chodosh<\/strong> (lit. \u201cnew\u201d) \u2013 a grain from the \u201cfive species\u201d (wheat, barley, oats, rye and spelt) that did not take root before Passover and is thus referred to as \u201cnew grain\u201d (see also Yoshon)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cholent<\/strong> (lit. \u201chot and slow\u201d) \u2013 a traditional stew typically made of meat, potatoes and beans, cooked over a low flame from before the start of the Sabbath and served during the midday meal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cholov Yisroel<\/strong> \u2013 all dairy productions, including cheese and non-fat dry milk powder, which have been under constant rabbinical supervision<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chometz<\/strong> \u2013 food products containing any grain (wheat, barley, rye, oats, or spelt) or grain derivative, not specially prepared for Passover use<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chometz Gamur<\/strong> (lit. \u201creal chometz\u201d) \u2013 products containing fermented grains, which are biblically forbidden on Passover<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuppah<\/strong> \u2013 bridal canopy used in a Jewish wedding ceremony<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(To) Daven | Davening<\/strong> \u2013 to pray | praying<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fleishchig<\/strong> \u2013 all meat and poultry products and their derivatives, as well as dishes\/utensils used in their preparation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gebrokst<\/strong> \u2013 foods containing matzah and liquid that some Jews refrain from eating on Passover<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gefilte Fish<\/strong> \u2013 a traditional dish made of ground fish that is shaped into a loaf, simmered in a simple stock with carrots and celery, and served with the Sabbath meals<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glatt<\/strong> \u2013 refers to beef from kosher-slaughtered animals whose lungs are free of adhesions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halacha | Halachic<\/strong> \u2013 Jewish Law | referring to Jewish Law, the complete body of rules and practices that Jews are bound to follow, including biblical commandments, directives of the rabbis and binding customs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halachic Hour<\/strong> \u2013  1<\/sup>\/12<\/sub> of the time from sunrise to sunset<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hafrashas Challah<\/strong> (lit. “separating challah”) \u2013 a type of tithe, in which, typically, a piece of dough is pulled off from a large batch of dough and burned; in some cases, items need to be baked prior to separating<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hallel<\/strong> \u2013 special prayer of thanks recited on holidays<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hashgacha<\/strong> \u2013 kosher supervision<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hashgacha Pratis<\/strong> \u2013 the principle that events and circumstances occur through Divine intervention<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Havdalah<\/strong> \u2013 prayer recited following the Sabbath<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hechsher<\/strong> \u2013 kosher certification of a product or ingredient by a rabbi or a kosher certifying agency<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kashrus <\/strong>\u2013  the state of being kosher<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keilim<\/strong> \u2013 vessels or utensils (see also Kli Rishon, Kli Sheini, Kli Shlishi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kehilla<\/strong> \u2013 Jewish community<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kiddush<\/strong> \u2013 blessing recited over wine sanctifying the Sabbath or Yom Tov<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitniyos | Kitniyot<\/strong> \u2013 legumes, such as rice, corn, peas, lentils, mustard seed, and the all beans (e.g., kidney, lima, garbanzo) that can be cooked\/baked in a similar manner to chometz grains (e.g., corn meal) but are not considered chometz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kli Rishon<\/strong> (lit. \u201cthe first utensil\u201d) \u2013 a utensil used for cooking, baking or roasting food or liquid and contains that hot food or liquid<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kli Sheini<\/strong> (lit. \u201cthe second utensil\u201d) \u2013 utensil into which hot food or liquid has been transferred from a kli rishon<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kli Shlishi<\/strong> (lit. \u201cthe third utensil\u201d) \u2013 utensil into which hot food or liquid has been transferred from a kli sheini<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kosher  <\/strong>(lit. \u201cfit or proper\u201d) \u2013 foods whose ingredients and manufacturing processes comply with Jewish dietary laws<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kosher Certification<\/strong> \u2013 a rigorous process conducted by certifying agencies to guarantee that commercial food products are manufactured in compliance with Jewish law<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kosher for Passover<\/strong> \u2013 foods acceptable for use during Passover<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kosher Style<\/strong> \u2013 foods that mimic traditional Jewish foods (challah, deli, lox) but were not prepared according to Jewish dietary laws and so are not actually kosher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kosherization<\/strong> \u2013 a high-temperature process used to change the status of equipment that had been used with non-kosher ingredients or products in order to produce kosher ingredients or products<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kugel<\/strong> \u2013 a popular pudding-like side dish made with either potatoes, noodles or ground vegetables, traditionally served on the Sabbath or Yom Tov<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Latke<\/strong> \u2013 a fried potato pancake traditionally served on Chanuka<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maariv<\/strong> \u2013 the evening prayer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matzah<\/strong> \u2013 specially prepared unleavened bread acceptable for Passover use<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mashgiach<\/strong> \u2013 one who is trained to supervise kosher food production<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mashgiach Temidi<\/strong> (lit. \u201cconstant supervision\u201d) \u2013 a mashgiach who is on-site at all times during complex productions (e.g., of meat, fish, cheese, wine or Passover) and in factories that have both kosher and non-kosher raw materials or equipment which could inadvertently be swapped during a production; also, one who supervises food establishments<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Melacha<\/strong> \u2013 work prohibited on the Sabbath<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mehadrin<\/strong> \u2013 the most stringent level of kosher supervision<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevushal<\/strong> \u2013 wine that has been cooked<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikvah<\/strong> (lit. \u201cgathering\u201d) \u2013 a ritualarium in which rain water is gathered for the purposes of immersion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milchig<\/strong> \u2013 all dairy products and their derivatives, as well as dishes, utensils and equipment used in their preparation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mincha Gedolah<\/strong> \u2013 earliest time for afternoon prayers \u2013 \u00bd halachic hour after chatzos hayom<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mincha<\/strong> \u2013 the afternoon prayer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mitzvah | Mitzvos<\/strong> \u2013 commandment(s) Jews fulfill<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orla<\/strong> \u2013 the Torah commandment to wait three years before partaking of any fruit from fruit-bearing trees, during which time the fruit is forbidden<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pareve<\/strong> (lit. \u201cneutral) \u2013 a product that contains no derivatives of poultry, meat or dairy ingredients and can be eaten with a meat, poultry or dairy meal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas Yisroel<\/strong> \u2013 items baked in an oven which was turned on by a mashgiach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plag Hamincha<\/strong> \u2013 1\u00bc halachic hours prior to sunset<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rav<\/strong> \u2013 rabbi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sabbath<\/strong> | Shabbos <\/strong>\u2013 Jewish day of rest, beginning before sunset on Friday and ending when stars come out on Saturday night<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seder<\/strong> (lit. \u201corder\u201d) \u2013 a  ritual meal conducted as part of the observance of Passover, during which the Haggada is read<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seuda<\/strong> \u2013 a meal, particularly a festive or Shabbos meal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shacharis<\/strong> \u2013 the morning prayer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shechita<\/strong> \u2013 the Torah-prescribed manner of slaughtering an animal or fowl for kosher consumption<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shema<\/strong> \u2013 prayer recited in the morning and evening<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shemita<\/strong> \u2013 the agricultural cycle observed in Israel, in which every seventh year the land lies fallow<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shmura Matzah<\/strong> (lit. \u201cguarded matzah\u201d) \u2013 matzah that was specially supervised since before the wheat was cut so that it did not come in contact with chametz or water<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sof Zman Krias Shema<\/strong> \u2013 latest time for morning Shema<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sof Zman Tefilla<\/strong> \u2013 latest time for morning prayers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sukkah<\/strong> \u2013 a temporary outdoor dwelling used during the holiday of Sukkos<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tallis<\/strong> \u2013 prayer shawl worn during morning prayers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tefilla<\/strong> \u2013 prayer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tefillin<\/strong> \u2013 phylacteries worn during morning prayers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teshuva <\/strong>\u2013 repentance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tevilas Keilim<\/strong> (lit. \u201cdipping of utensils\u201d) \u2013 the immersion of vessels, utensils, or dishes in a mikvah before their first use<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tovel<\/strong> \u2013 to immerse in a mikvah<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Traiboring<\/strong> \u2013 the removal of forbidden fats and veins from meat to prepare it for the salting process<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Treif | Treifah<\/strong> \u2013 food that is not kosher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trumah and Maaser<\/strong> \u2013 various \u201cgifts\u201d or tithes that apply to Israeli- grown produce<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tzarich Iyun<\/strong> \u2013 a complicated issue that requires further research and discussion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tzeis Hakochavim<\/strong> \u2013 when stars come out<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vaad Hakashrus<\/strong> \u2013 the rabbinic organization that is responsible for kosher standards in a community<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yom<\/strong> Tov<\/strong> \u2013 a holiday on the Jewish calendar that includes Rosh Hashana (September or October), Yom Kippur (September or October), Sukkos (September or October), Shmini Atzeres\/Simchas Torah (September or October), Passover (March or April) and Shavuos (May or June)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yoshon<\/strong> (lit. \u201cold) \u2013 a grain from the \u201cfive species\u201d (wheat, barley, oats, rye and spelt) that took root before Passover, even if it was harvested after Passover,  and is thus referred to as \u201cold grain\u201d (see also Chodosh)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Submit Request to Add New Term<\/a><\/p>\n

Alos Hashachar<\/strong> \u2013 dawn<\/p>\n

Bar Mitzvah<\/strong> \u2013 a 13-year-old boy who is required to observe the commandments; also refers to the celebration commemorating the boy reaching that age<\/p>\n

Bas Mitzvah<\/strong> \u2013 a 12-year-old girl who is required to observe the commandments; also refers to the celebration commemorating the girl reaching that age<\/p>\n

Batul<\/strong> \u2013 nullified<\/p>\n

Birkas Hamazon<\/strong> (\u201cthe Grace After Meals\u201d) \u2013 blessing after a meal that included bread<\/p>\n

Bishul Akum<\/strong> \u2013 food cooked by a Gentile<\/p>\n

Bishul Yisroel<\/strong> \u2013 food prepared under the supervision of a mashgiach<\/p>\n

Blech <\/strong>\u2013 Yiddish term for a sheet of metal<\/p>\n

Bris Milah<\/strong> \u2013 circumcision of a baby boy, usually when he is eight days old<\/p>\n

Brachos<\/strong> \u2013 blessings<\/p>\n

Charoses<\/strong> \u2013 a symbolic mixture of fruit, wine and nuts eaten at the Passover seder meal<\/p>\n

Chatzos Halylah<\/strong> \u2013 midnight (halfway between sunset and sunrise)<\/p>\n

Chatzos Hayom<\/strong> \u2013 midday (halfway between sunrise and sunset)<\/p>\n

Chodosh<\/strong> (lit. \u201cnew\u201d) \u2013 a grain from the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"\nGlossary of Terms | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Submit Request to Add New Term Alos Hashachar \u2013 dawn Bar Mitzvah \u2013 a 13-year-old boy who is required to observe the commandments; also refers to the\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/articles\/15740\/glossary\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glossary of Terms | STAR-K Kosher Certification\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Submit Request to Add New Term Alos Hashachar \u2013 dawn Bar Mitzvah \u2013 a 13-year-old boy who is required to observe the commandments; 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