Summer 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Historians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome. Thankfully, technology has come a long way since then. Modern elevators run on electricity which has necessitated the development of a Sabbath Mode. In Sabbath Mode, an elevator cab moves continuously up and down the elevator shaft, stopping at every floor. However, as will be explained, not all Sabbath Modes are the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
There are two basic types of elevators in common use today: hydraulic<\/em> and traction<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulics make use of the principle that liquid moved with low force over a large distance can be converted to movement with high force over a short distance. Take, for instance, a simple hydraulic jack (see Fig. 1<\/a>). If the piston on the right has a surface area ten times that of the piston on the left, when force is applied to the left piston, it will move ten units for every one that the right piston moves. If a person pumps the left piston enough times, he will be able to slowly lift a load.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A hydraulic elevator works the same way. Hydraulic fluid, which is stored in a tank, is pushed by an electronic pump to drive a piston, which in turn moves the elevator cab up an elevator shaft (see Fig. 2<\/a>). To lower the cab, the elevator controller opens electronic valves to drain the hydraulic fluid back into the tank, lowering the piston and thereby the cab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To understand this mechanism, think of a playground seesaw. When two children sit on opposite ends of a seesaw, the difference in weight is minimal; a small push is sufficient to propel one child up and the other down. Similarly, the\u00a0cab of a traction elevator is attached to steel cables which run up the elevator shaft and over a pivot, with a counterweight on the other side (see Fig. 3<\/a>). The weight difference is minimal; an electric motor pulls the cables to move the cab up and down the shaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As with all electric machines, it is forbidden to initiate use of an elevator on Shabbos. One cannot push a button to call an elevator and one cannot press a button inside the elevator to select a floor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n An elevator in Sabbath Mode avoids these issues by stopping on every floor. The Minchas Yitzchok<\/em> forbids even this, because the rider’s additional weight causes the elevator motor to work harder and draw more current.[1]<\/a> Rav Eliyohu Henkin zt\u201dl<\/em>, however, disagrees and allows the use of this type of elevator on Shabbos.[2]<\/a> Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt\u201dl<\/em> is also lenient. He points out that any electrical change will only occur sometime after the rider enters the cab, once the elevator starts moving.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Rav Levi Yitzchok Halperin zt\u201dl<\/em>, founder of The Institute for Science and Halacha in Yerushalayim, did extensive research and wrote a book on this topic titled Maliyot Be\u2019Shabbat<\/em>. Rav Halperin\u2019s conclusion is that one may use an automated elevator on Shabbos to ascend but not to descend. He argues that, during descent, the weight of the person in the elevator cab assists the motor. Thus, the person contributes to the function of the lights, brakes, door motor and other electric circuits which are activated.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Rav Shlomo Zalman takes issue with Rav Halperin\u2019s thesis.[5]<\/a> He makes several arguments to support his position:<\/p>\n\n\n\n It should be noted that there are poskim<\/em> who feel that the use of an elevator is a \u201cweekday activity\u201d and that the sanctity of Shabbos precludes the use of all elevators.[6]<\/a> In a teshuva<\/em>, Rav Shmuel Wosner zt\u201dl<\/em> writes that he personally is hesitant to be lenient in any circumstance, but he does not object if others are lenient and allows the use of a Shabbos elevator in extenuating circumstances.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n A number of poskim<\/em> allow the use of a Shabbos elevator for a choleh<\/em>.[8]<\/a> STAR-K Rabbinical Administrator Rav Moshe Heinemann shlit\u201da<\/em> paskens<\/em> that a healthy and mobile person should avoid using a Shabbos elevator, but an elderly or infirm person may be lenient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sabbath Mode elevators which stop at every floor eliminate the need to press buttons on Shabbos. There are, however, several other halachic concerns that must be addressed before using a modern-day elevator on Shabbos. Here are some of the key issues: <\/p>\n\n\n\n Elevators typically feature an infrared mechanism known as the door edge sensor<\/em>, which detects when a person is blocking the doorway. This poses a concern on Shabbos, as merely walking through the doorway triggers the infrared mechanism and the various relays and LED indicators on the control panel (see Fig. 4<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulic elevators experience slight sinking and rising when passengers enter or exit, which is detected by encoders or magnetic tape readers\/selectors. This detection prompts hydraulic pumps or valves to relevel<\/em> the elevator, as well as to activate LED indicators and relays on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Some elevators are equipped with encoders<\/em> that ensure motor speed compliance. These encoders monitor the motor speed to prevent it from exceeding specified limits. Movements within the cab \u2013 such as entering, exiting or shifting \u2013 will trigger new readings on the encoder, activating LED indicators on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Encoders also detect the elevator’s position relative to the floor, allowing the elevator to slow down as it approaches the desired floor. Similar to motor speed encoders, the floor selector encoders<\/em> detect movement within the cab which can trigger new readings; they, too, may activate LED indicators and relays on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n New regulatory requirements mandate the inclusion of load weighing devices<\/em> in new and remodeled elevators to prevent overload situations. These devices continuously measure the weight of the elevator cab, with some systems having back-end displays \u2013 not visible to passengers. Even minor movements within the cab can result in fluctuations in the displayed weight readings (see Fig. 5<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n In some cases, the Sabbath Mode does not run during the duration of Shabbos in order to minimize power consumption and the risk of motor burnout. In that event, Sabbath Mode is set to be operational according to a specific schedule. One who enters an elevator while Sabbath Mode is operational will have no halachically sanctioned way to exit should the Sabbath Mode deactivate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do visible changes to the elevator control panel, activation of LED indicators and electric relays pose a halachic concern on Shabbos?[9]<\/a> Rav Heinemann paskens<\/em> that they do pose a halachic concern, and that all changes to the LED indicators, display, relays, and weight readings should be disabled if possible. It is also necessary to ensure that the door will not start to close and reopen when a passenger enters the elevator.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n To address these concerns, solutions for a halachically sound Sabbath Mode include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Clearly, not all Sabbath Mode elevators are the same. While some elevators come with a Sabbath Mode that causes the elevator to stop at every floor, their Sabbath Mode may not address the various halachic problems cited above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n GramaChip Technologies is a STAR-K certified company that offers a range of custom Sabbath Mode products. GramaChip Technologies modifies elevators by providing a Sabbath Mode that comprehensively addresses <\/em>all the halachic issues associated with modern-day elevators. They collaborate closely with elevator companies and installers to ensure full technical compliance. For more information, they can be reached at 732-655-4206 or info@gramachip.com.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n [1]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d7”\u05d2 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n [2]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05d6 (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n [3]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05db\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n [4]<\/a> \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e8’ \u05d4\u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05db\u05de\u05d4. \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Sabbath Elevator Question \u2013 A Technical Analysis of a Halakhic Problem\u201d by D. R. Bannett \u201cPassenger Responsibility for Descent \u2013 A Halakhic Analysis\u201d by Rabbi Yechiel Neumann<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d2”\u05db \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 https:\/\/nzautomacao.com.br\/files\/Ema’aliot%20new.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [5]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05de (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n [6]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05de\u05d3<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u05d9\u05e9 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05ea\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05d7 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05e9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d6\u05e0\u05e8 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 http:\/\/www.rabbibrand.022.co.il\/BRPortal\/br\/P102.jsp?arc=36128<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [7]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05dc\u05d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n [8]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e4\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05de”\u05d7 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n [9]<\/a> \u05d9\u05e9 \u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05e7\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0, \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e2\u05db”\u05e4 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e7\u05d9\u05dc \u05d8\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e8\u05e2”\u05d0 \u05e7\u05de\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05d7, \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05e4\u05ea \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df (\u05d5\u05db”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d9”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05db\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05db\u05e2\u05d9”\u05d6 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d8 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1\u05d8. \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05da \u05d2\u05d9\u05e1\u05d0, \u05e7\u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05d2\u05dd \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d4\u05e9\u05e2\u05d4”\u05e6 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05dc\u05d6 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1, \u05d5\u05d2\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 (\u05d5\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d0\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea LED \u05e7\u05d8\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05d3\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9, \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc\u05ea\u05dd \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05d6\u05d4 \u05db\u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4\u05d3\u05dc\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d5\u05db\u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d0\u05db\u05de”\u05dc.<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydraulic-Type Elevators<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Traction-Type Elevators<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Using an Elevator on Shabbos<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
Modern-Day Elevators <\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u25ba Door Edge Sensors <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u25ba Releveler Sensors <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u25ba Motor Speed Encoders <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u25ba Floor Selector Encoders<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u25ba Load Weighing Devices <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u25ba Automatic Deactivation of Sabbath Mode <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Halachic Concerns and Solutions<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
![see Fig. 1<\/a>). If the piston on the right has a surface area ten times that of the piston on the left, when force is applied to the left piston, it will move ten units for every one that the right piston moves. If a person pumps the left piston enough times, he will be able to slowly lift a load.<\/p>\n\n\n\nA hydraulic elevator works the same way. Hydraulic fluid, which is stored in a tank, is pushed by an electronic pump to drive a piston, which in turn moves the elevator cab up an elevator shaft (see Fig. 2<\/a>). To lower the cab, the elevator controller opens electronic valves to drain the hydraulic fluid back into the tank, lowering the piston and thereby the cab.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTraction-Type Elevators<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nTo understand this mechanism, think of a playground seesaw. When two children sit on opposite ends of a seesaw, the difference in weight is minimal; a small push is sufficient to propel one child up and the other down. Similarly, the\u00a0cab of a traction elevator is attached to steel cables which run up the elevator shaft and over a pivot, with a counterweight on the other side (see Fig. 3<\/a>). The weight difference is minimal; an electric motor pulls the cables to move the cab up and down the shaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\nUsing an Elevator on Shabbos<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAs with all electric machines, it is forbidden to initiate use of an elevator on Shabbos. One cannot push a button to call an elevator and one cannot press a button inside the elevator to select a floor.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAn elevator in Sabbath Mode avoids these issues by stopping on every floor. The Minchas Yitzchok<\/em> forbids even this, because the rider’s additional weight causes the elevator motor to work harder and draw more current.[1]<\/a> Rav Eliyohu Henkin zt\u201dl<\/em>, however, disagrees and allows the use of this type of elevator on Shabbos.[2]<\/a> Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt\u201dl<\/em> is also lenient. He points out that any electrical change will only occur sometime after the rider enters the cab, once the elevator starts moving.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nRav Levi Yitzchok Halperin zt\u201dl<\/em>, founder of The Institute for Science and Halacha in Yerushalayim, did extensive research and wrote a book on this topic titled Maliyot Be\u2019Shabbat<\/em>. Rav Halperin\u2019s conclusion is that one may use an automated elevator on Shabbos to ascend but not to descend. He argues that, during descent, the weight of the person in the elevator cab assists the motor. Thus, the person contributes to the function of the lights, brakes, door motor and other electric circuits which are activated.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nRav Shlomo Zalman takes issue with Rav Halperin\u2019s thesis.[5]<\/a> He makes several arguments to support his position:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nThere is no noticeable difference in the running of the elevator when a person enters the cab, and any change that he causes is therefore not halachically significant.<\/li>\n\n\n\nAny potential change is merely caused by the weight of his body as he passively stands in the elevator, and not by any action of his.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThere is no immediate effect when he enters the elevator, and any change will only occur sometime later when the elevator starts moving.<\/li>\n\n\n\nHe alone cannot move the elevator at all, whereas the electricity can move the elevator without his help. As such, his assistance is not halachically significant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIt should be noted that there are poskim<\/em> who feel that the use of an elevator is a \u201cweekday activity\u201d and that the sanctity of Shabbos precludes the use of all elevators.[6]<\/a> In a teshuva<\/em>, Rav Shmuel Wosner zt\u201dl<\/em> writes that he personally is hesitant to be lenient in any circumstance, but he does not object if others are lenient and allows the use of a Shabbos elevator in extenuating circumstances.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nA number of poskim<\/em> allow the use of a Shabbos elevator for a choleh<\/em>.[8]<\/a> STAR-K Rabbinical Administrator Rav Moshe Heinemann shlit\u201da<\/em> paskens<\/em> that a healthy and mobile person should avoid using a Shabbos elevator, but an elderly or infirm person may be lenient.<\/p>\n\n\n\nModern-Day Elevators <\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSabbath Mode elevators which stop at every floor eliminate the need to press buttons on Shabbos. There are, however, several other halachic concerns that must be addressed before using a modern-day elevator on Shabbos. Here are some of the key issues: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Door Edge Sensors <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nElevators typically feature an infrared mechanism known as the door edge sensor<\/em>, which detects when a person is blocking the doorway. This poses a concern on Shabbos, as merely walking through the doorway triggers the infrared mechanism and the various relays and LED indicators on the control panel (see Fig. 4<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Releveler Sensors <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHydraulic elevators experience slight sinking and rising when passengers enter or exit, which is detected by encoders or magnetic tape readers\/selectors. This detection prompts hydraulic pumps or valves to relevel<\/em> the elevator, as well as to activate LED indicators and relays on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Motor Speed Encoders <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSome elevators are equipped with encoders<\/em> that ensure motor speed compliance. These encoders monitor the motor speed to prevent it from exceeding specified limits. Movements within the cab \u2013 such as entering, exiting or shifting \u2013 will trigger new readings on the encoder, activating LED indicators on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Floor Selector Encoders<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nEncoders also detect the elevator’s position relative to the floor, allowing the elevator to slow down as it approaches the desired floor. Similar to motor speed encoders, the floor selector encoders<\/em> detect movement within the cab which can trigger new readings; they, too, may activate LED indicators and relays on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Load Weighing Devices <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nNew regulatory requirements mandate the inclusion of load weighing devices<\/em> in new and remodeled elevators to prevent overload situations. These devices continuously measure the weight of the elevator cab, with some systems having back-end displays \u2013 not visible to passengers. Even minor movements within the cab can result in fluctuations in the displayed weight readings (see Fig. 5<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Automatic Deactivation of Sabbath Mode <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nIn some cases, the Sabbath Mode does not run during the duration of Shabbos in order to minimize power consumption and the risk of motor burnout. In that event, Sabbath Mode is set to be operational according to a specific schedule. One who enters an elevator while Sabbath Mode is operational will have no halachically sanctioned way to exit should the Sabbath Mode deactivate.<\/p>\n\n\n\nHalachic Concerns and Solutions<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDo visible changes to the elevator control panel, activation of LED indicators and electric relays pose a halachic concern on Shabbos?[9]<\/a> Rav Heinemann paskens<\/em> that they do pose a halachic concern, and that all changes to the LED indicators, display, relays, and weight readings should be disabled if possible. It is also necessary to ensure that the door will not start to close and reopen when a passenger enters the elevator.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTo address these concerns, solutions for a halachically sound Sabbath Mode include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\ndisabling the door sensor while the doors are open<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling level sensors while the doors are open<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling the weighing system while the doors are open <\/li>\n\n\n\ninstalling a visual and\/or audible warning before the doors close to inform passengers not to enter or exit the cab at that time<\/li>\n\n\n\nindicating that the Sabbath Mode is about to deactivate, allowing passengers to exit in time<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling LED lights and displays in the control room<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nClearly, not all Sabbath Mode elevators are the same. While some elevators come with a Sabbath Mode that causes the elevator to stop at every floor, their Sabbath Mode may not address the various halachic problems cited above.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGramaChip Technologies is a STAR-K certified company that offers a range of custom Sabbath Mode products. GramaChip Technologies modifies elevators by providing a Sabbath Mode that comprehensively addresses <\/em>all the halachic issues associated with modern-day elevators. They collaborate closely with elevator companies and installers to ensure full technical compliance. For more information, they can be reached at 732-655-4206 or info@gramachip.com.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[1]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d7”\u05d2 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05d6 (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n[3]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05db\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n[4]<\/a> \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e8’ \u05d4\u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05db\u05de\u05d4. \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea:<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe Sabbath Elevator Question \u2013 A Technical Analysis of a Halakhic Problem\u201d by D. R. Bannett \u201cPassenger Responsibility for Descent \u2013 A Halakhic Analysis\u201d by Rabbi Yechiel Neumann<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d2”\u05db \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 https:\/\/nzautomacao.com.br\/files\/Ema’aliot%20new.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[5]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05de (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n[6]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05de\u05d3<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u05d9\u05e9 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05ea\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05d7 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05e9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d6\u05e0\u05e8 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 http:\/\/www.rabbibrand.022.co.il\/BRPortal\/br\/P102.jsp?arc=36128<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[7]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05dc\u05d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n[8]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e4\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05de”\u05d7 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n[9]<\/a> \u05d9\u05e9 \u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05e7\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0, \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e2\u05db”\u05e4 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e7\u05d9\u05dc \u05d8\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e8\u05e2”\u05d0 \u05e7\u05de\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05d7, \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05e4\u05ea \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df (\u05d5\u05db”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d9”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05db\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05db\u05e2\u05d9”\u05d6 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d8 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1\u05d8. \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05da \u05d2\u05d9\u05e1\u05d0, \u05e7\u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05d2\u05dd \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d4\u05e9\u05e2\u05d4”\u05e6 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05dc\u05d6 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1, \u05d5\u05d2\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 (\u05d5\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d0\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea LED \u05e7\u05d8\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05d3\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9, \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc\u05ea\u05dd \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05d6\u05d4 \u05db\u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4\u05d3\u05dc\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d5\u05db\u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d0\u05db\u05de”\u05dc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[10]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Summer 2024<\/p>\nHistorians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome. Thankfully, technology has come a long way since then. Modern elevators run on electricity which has necessitated the development of a Sabbath Mode. In Sabbath Mode, an elevator cab moves continuously up and down the elevator shaft, stopping at every floor. However, as will be explained, not all Sabbath Modes are the same.<\/p>\nPhysics 101: How Elevators Work<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two basic types of elevators in common use today: hydraulic and traction.<\/p>\nHydraulic-Type Elevators<\/strong><\/p>\nHydraulics make use of the principle that liquid moved with low force over a large distance can be converted to movement with high force over a short distance. Take, for instance, a simple hydraulic jack (see Fig. 1<\/a>). If the piston on the right has a surface area ten times that of the piston on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[264,27,267],"tags":[294,369,229],"class_list":["post-14421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kashrus-kurrents-2024","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-summer-kashrus-kurrents-2024","tag-hilchos-shabbos","tag-insights-from-the-institute","tag-kashrus-kurrents"],"yoast_head":"\nGoing Up: All About Shabbos Elevators | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Summer 2024 Historians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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![see Fig. 2<\/a>). To lower the cab, the elevator controller opens electronic valves to drain the hydraulic fluid back into the tank, lowering the piston and thereby the cab.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTraction-Type Elevators<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nTo understand this mechanism, think of a playground seesaw. When two children sit on opposite ends of a seesaw, the difference in weight is minimal; a small push is sufficient to propel one child up and the other down. Similarly, the\u00a0cab of a traction elevator is attached to steel cables which run up the elevator shaft and over a pivot, with a counterweight on the other side (see Fig. 3<\/a>). The weight difference is minimal; an electric motor pulls the cables to move the cab up and down the shaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\nUsing an Elevator on Shabbos<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAs with all electric machines, it is forbidden to initiate use of an elevator on Shabbos. One cannot push a button to call an elevator and one cannot press a button inside the elevator to select a floor.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAn elevator in Sabbath Mode avoids these issues by stopping on every floor. The Minchas Yitzchok<\/em> forbids even this, because the rider’s additional weight causes the elevator motor to work harder and draw more current.[1]<\/a> Rav Eliyohu Henkin zt\u201dl<\/em>, however, disagrees and allows the use of this type of elevator on Shabbos.[2]<\/a> Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt\u201dl<\/em> is also lenient. He points out that any electrical change will only occur sometime after the rider enters the cab, once the elevator starts moving.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nRav Levi Yitzchok Halperin zt\u201dl<\/em>, founder of The Institute for Science and Halacha in Yerushalayim, did extensive research and wrote a book on this topic titled Maliyot Be\u2019Shabbat<\/em>. Rav Halperin\u2019s conclusion is that one may use an automated elevator on Shabbos to ascend but not to descend. He argues that, during descent, the weight of the person in the elevator cab assists the motor. Thus, the person contributes to the function of the lights, brakes, door motor and other electric circuits which are activated.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nRav Shlomo Zalman takes issue with Rav Halperin\u2019s thesis.[5]<\/a> He makes several arguments to support his position:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nThere is no noticeable difference in the running of the elevator when a person enters the cab, and any change that he causes is therefore not halachically significant.<\/li>\n\n\n\nAny potential change is merely caused by the weight of his body as he passively stands in the elevator, and not by any action of his.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThere is no immediate effect when he enters the elevator, and any change will only occur sometime later when the elevator starts moving.<\/li>\n\n\n\nHe alone cannot move the elevator at all, whereas the electricity can move the elevator without his help. As such, his assistance is not halachically significant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIt should be noted that there are poskim<\/em> who feel that the use of an elevator is a \u201cweekday activity\u201d and that the sanctity of Shabbos precludes the use of all elevators.[6]<\/a> In a teshuva<\/em>, Rav Shmuel Wosner zt\u201dl<\/em> writes that he personally is hesitant to be lenient in any circumstance, but he does not object if others are lenient and allows the use of a Shabbos elevator in extenuating circumstances.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nA number of poskim<\/em> allow the use of a Shabbos elevator for a choleh<\/em>.[8]<\/a> STAR-K Rabbinical Administrator Rav Moshe Heinemann shlit\u201da<\/em> paskens<\/em> that a healthy and mobile person should avoid using a Shabbos elevator, but an elderly or infirm person may be lenient.<\/p>\n\n\n\nModern-Day Elevators <\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSabbath Mode elevators which stop at every floor eliminate the need to press buttons on Shabbos. There are, however, several other halachic concerns that must be addressed before using a modern-day elevator on Shabbos. Here are some of the key issues: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Door Edge Sensors <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nElevators typically feature an infrared mechanism known as the door edge sensor<\/em>, which detects when a person is blocking the doorway. This poses a concern on Shabbos, as merely walking through the doorway triggers the infrared mechanism and the various relays and LED indicators on the control panel (see Fig. 4<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Releveler Sensors <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHydraulic elevators experience slight sinking and rising when passengers enter or exit, which is detected by encoders or magnetic tape readers\/selectors. This detection prompts hydraulic pumps or valves to relevel<\/em> the elevator, as well as to activate LED indicators and relays on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Motor Speed Encoders <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSome elevators are equipped with encoders<\/em> that ensure motor speed compliance. These encoders monitor the motor speed to prevent it from exceeding specified limits. Movements within the cab \u2013 such as entering, exiting or shifting \u2013 will trigger new readings on the encoder, activating LED indicators on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Floor Selector Encoders<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nEncoders also detect the elevator’s position relative to the floor, allowing the elevator to slow down as it approaches the desired floor. Similar to motor speed encoders, the floor selector encoders<\/em> detect movement within the cab which can trigger new readings; they, too, may activate LED indicators and relays on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Load Weighing Devices <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nNew regulatory requirements mandate the inclusion of load weighing devices<\/em> in new and remodeled elevators to prevent overload situations. These devices continuously measure the weight of the elevator cab, with some systems having back-end displays \u2013 not visible to passengers. Even minor movements within the cab can result in fluctuations in the displayed weight readings (see Fig. 5<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Automatic Deactivation of Sabbath Mode <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nIn some cases, the Sabbath Mode does not run during the duration of Shabbos in order to minimize power consumption and the risk of motor burnout. In that event, Sabbath Mode is set to be operational according to a specific schedule. One who enters an elevator while Sabbath Mode is operational will have no halachically sanctioned way to exit should the Sabbath Mode deactivate.<\/p>\n\n\n\nHalachic Concerns and Solutions<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDo visible changes to the elevator control panel, activation of LED indicators and electric relays pose a halachic concern on Shabbos?[9]<\/a> Rav Heinemann paskens<\/em> that they do pose a halachic concern, and that all changes to the LED indicators, display, relays, and weight readings should be disabled if possible. It is also necessary to ensure that the door will not start to close and reopen when a passenger enters the elevator.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTo address these concerns, solutions for a halachically sound Sabbath Mode include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\ndisabling the door sensor while the doors are open<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling level sensors while the doors are open<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling the weighing system while the doors are open <\/li>\n\n\n\ninstalling a visual and\/or audible warning before the doors close to inform passengers not to enter or exit the cab at that time<\/li>\n\n\n\nindicating that the Sabbath Mode is about to deactivate, allowing passengers to exit in time<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling LED lights and displays in the control room<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nClearly, not all Sabbath Mode elevators are the same. While some elevators come with a Sabbath Mode that causes the elevator to stop at every floor, their Sabbath Mode may not address the various halachic problems cited above.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGramaChip Technologies is a STAR-K certified company that offers a range of custom Sabbath Mode products. GramaChip Technologies modifies elevators by providing a Sabbath Mode that comprehensively addresses <\/em>all the halachic issues associated with modern-day elevators. They collaborate closely with elevator companies and installers to ensure full technical compliance. For more information, they can be reached at 732-655-4206 or info@gramachip.com.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[1]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d7”\u05d2 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05d6 (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n[3]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05db\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n[4]<\/a> \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e8’ \u05d4\u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05db\u05de\u05d4. \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea:<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe Sabbath Elevator Question \u2013 A Technical Analysis of a Halakhic Problem\u201d by D. R. Bannett \u201cPassenger Responsibility for Descent \u2013 A Halakhic Analysis\u201d by Rabbi Yechiel Neumann<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d2”\u05db \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 https:\/\/nzautomacao.com.br\/files\/Ema’aliot%20new.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[5]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05de (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n[6]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05de\u05d3<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u05d9\u05e9 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05ea\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05d7 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05e9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d6\u05e0\u05e8 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 http:\/\/www.rabbibrand.022.co.il\/BRPortal\/br\/P102.jsp?arc=36128<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[7]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05dc\u05d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n[8]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e4\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05de”\u05d7 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n[9]<\/a> \u05d9\u05e9 \u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05e7\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0, \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e2\u05db”\u05e4 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e7\u05d9\u05dc \u05d8\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e8\u05e2”\u05d0 \u05e7\u05de\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05d7, \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05e4\u05ea \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df (\u05d5\u05db”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d9”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05db\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05db\u05e2\u05d9”\u05d6 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d8 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1\u05d8. \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05da \u05d2\u05d9\u05e1\u05d0, \u05e7\u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05d2\u05dd \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d4\u05e9\u05e2\u05d4”\u05e6 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05dc\u05d6 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1, \u05d5\u05d2\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 (\u05d5\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d0\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea LED \u05e7\u05d8\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05d3\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9, \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc\u05ea\u05dd \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05d6\u05d4 \u05db\u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4\u05d3\u05dc\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d5\u05db\u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d0\u05db\u05de”\u05dc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[10]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Summer 2024<\/p>\nHistorians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome. Thankfully, technology has come a long way since then. Modern elevators run on electricity which has necessitated the development of a Sabbath Mode. In Sabbath Mode, an elevator cab moves continuously up and down the elevator shaft, stopping at every floor. However, as will be explained, not all Sabbath Modes are the same.<\/p>\nPhysics 101: How Elevators Work<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two basic types of elevators in common use today: hydraulic and traction.<\/p>\nHydraulic-Type Elevators<\/strong><\/p>\nHydraulics make use of the principle that liquid moved with low force over a large distance can be converted to movement with high force over a short distance. Take, for instance, a simple hydraulic jack (see Fig. 1<\/a>). If the piston on the right has a surface area ten times that of the piston on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[264,27,267],"tags":[294,369,229],"class_list":["post-14421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kashrus-kurrents-2024","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-summer-kashrus-kurrents-2024","tag-hilchos-shabbos","tag-insights-from-the-institute","tag-kashrus-kurrents"],"yoast_head":"\nGoing Up: All About Shabbos Elevators | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Summer 2024 Historians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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![see Fig. 3<\/a>). The weight difference is minimal; an electric motor pulls the cables to move the cab up and down the shaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\nUsing an Elevator on Shabbos<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAs with all electric machines, it is forbidden to initiate use of an elevator on Shabbos. One cannot push a button to call an elevator and one cannot press a button inside the elevator to select a floor.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAn elevator in Sabbath Mode avoids these issues by stopping on every floor. The Minchas Yitzchok<\/em> forbids even this, because the rider’s additional weight causes the elevator motor to work harder and draw more current.[1]<\/a> Rav Eliyohu Henkin zt\u201dl<\/em>, however, disagrees and allows the use of this type of elevator on Shabbos.[2]<\/a> Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt\u201dl<\/em> is also lenient. He points out that any electrical change will only occur sometime after the rider enters the cab, once the elevator starts moving.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nRav Levi Yitzchok Halperin zt\u201dl<\/em>, founder of The Institute for Science and Halacha in Yerushalayim, did extensive research and wrote a book on this topic titled Maliyot Be\u2019Shabbat<\/em>. Rav Halperin\u2019s conclusion is that one may use an automated elevator on Shabbos to ascend but not to descend. He argues that, during descent, the weight of the person in the elevator cab assists the motor. Thus, the person contributes to the function of the lights, brakes, door motor and other electric circuits which are activated.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nRav Shlomo Zalman takes issue with Rav Halperin\u2019s thesis.[5]<\/a> He makes several arguments to support his position:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nThere is no noticeable difference in the running of the elevator when a person enters the cab, and any change that he causes is therefore not halachically significant.<\/li>\n\n\n\nAny potential change is merely caused by the weight of his body as he passively stands in the elevator, and not by any action of his.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThere is no immediate effect when he enters the elevator, and any change will only occur sometime later when the elevator starts moving.<\/li>\n\n\n\nHe alone cannot move the elevator at all, whereas the electricity can move the elevator without his help. As such, his assistance is not halachically significant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIt should be noted that there are poskim<\/em> who feel that the use of an elevator is a \u201cweekday activity\u201d and that the sanctity of Shabbos precludes the use of all elevators.[6]<\/a> In a teshuva<\/em>, Rav Shmuel Wosner zt\u201dl<\/em> writes that he personally is hesitant to be lenient in any circumstance, but he does not object if others are lenient and allows the use of a Shabbos elevator in extenuating circumstances.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nA number of poskim<\/em> allow the use of a Shabbos elevator for a choleh<\/em>.[8]<\/a> STAR-K Rabbinical Administrator Rav Moshe Heinemann shlit\u201da<\/em> paskens<\/em> that a healthy and mobile person should avoid using a Shabbos elevator, but an elderly or infirm person may be lenient.<\/p>\n\n\n\nModern-Day Elevators <\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSabbath Mode elevators which stop at every floor eliminate the need to press buttons on Shabbos. There are, however, several other halachic concerns that must be addressed before using a modern-day elevator on Shabbos. Here are some of the key issues: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Door Edge Sensors <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nElevators typically feature an infrared mechanism known as the door edge sensor<\/em>, which detects when a person is blocking the doorway. This poses a concern on Shabbos, as merely walking through the doorway triggers the infrared mechanism and the various relays and LED indicators on the control panel (see Fig. 4<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Releveler Sensors <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHydraulic elevators experience slight sinking and rising when passengers enter or exit, which is detected by encoders or magnetic tape readers\/selectors. This detection prompts hydraulic pumps or valves to relevel<\/em> the elevator, as well as to activate LED indicators and relays on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Motor Speed Encoders <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSome elevators are equipped with encoders<\/em> that ensure motor speed compliance. These encoders monitor the motor speed to prevent it from exceeding specified limits. Movements within the cab \u2013 such as entering, exiting or shifting \u2013 will trigger new readings on the encoder, activating LED indicators on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Floor Selector Encoders<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nEncoders also detect the elevator’s position relative to the floor, allowing the elevator to slow down as it approaches the desired floor. Similar to motor speed encoders, the floor selector encoders<\/em> detect movement within the cab which can trigger new readings; they, too, may activate LED indicators and relays on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Load Weighing Devices <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nNew regulatory requirements mandate the inclusion of load weighing devices<\/em> in new and remodeled elevators to prevent overload situations. These devices continuously measure the weight of the elevator cab, with some systems having back-end displays \u2013 not visible to passengers. Even minor movements within the cab can result in fluctuations in the displayed weight readings (see Fig. 5<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Automatic Deactivation of Sabbath Mode <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nIn some cases, the Sabbath Mode does not run during the duration of Shabbos in order to minimize power consumption and the risk of motor burnout. In that event, Sabbath Mode is set to be operational according to a specific schedule. One who enters an elevator while Sabbath Mode is operational will have no halachically sanctioned way to exit should the Sabbath Mode deactivate.<\/p>\n\n\n\nHalachic Concerns and Solutions<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDo visible changes to the elevator control panel, activation of LED indicators and electric relays pose a halachic concern on Shabbos?[9]<\/a> Rav Heinemann paskens<\/em> that they do pose a halachic concern, and that all changes to the LED indicators, display, relays, and weight readings should be disabled if possible. It is also necessary to ensure that the door will not start to close and reopen when a passenger enters the elevator.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTo address these concerns, solutions for a halachically sound Sabbath Mode include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\ndisabling the door sensor while the doors are open<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling level sensors while the doors are open<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling the weighing system while the doors are open <\/li>\n\n\n\ninstalling a visual and\/or audible warning before the doors close to inform passengers not to enter or exit the cab at that time<\/li>\n\n\n\nindicating that the Sabbath Mode is about to deactivate, allowing passengers to exit in time<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling LED lights and displays in the control room<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nClearly, not all Sabbath Mode elevators are the same. While some elevators come with a Sabbath Mode that causes the elevator to stop at every floor, their Sabbath Mode may not address the various halachic problems cited above.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGramaChip Technologies is a STAR-K certified company that offers a range of custom Sabbath Mode products. GramaChip Technologies modifies elevators by providing a Sabbath Mode that comprehensively addresses <\/em>all the halachic issues associated with modern-day elevators. They collaborate closely with elevator companies and installers to ensure full technical compliance. For more information, they can be reached at 732-655-4206 or info@gramachip.com.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[1]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d7”\u05d2 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05d6 (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n[3]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05db\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n[4]<\/a> \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e8’ \u05d4\u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05db\u05de\u05d4. \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea:<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe Sabbath Elevator Question \u2013 A Technical Analysis of a Halakhic Problem\u201d by D. R. Bannett \u201cPassenger Responsibility for Descent \u2013 A Halakhic Analysis\u201d by Rabbi Yechiel Neumann<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d2”\u05db \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 https:\/\/nzautomacao.com.br\/files\/Ema’aliot%20new.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[5]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05de (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n[6]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05de\u05d3<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u05d9\u05e9 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05ea\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05d7 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05e9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d6\u05e0\u05e8 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 http:\/\/www.rabbibrand.022.co.il\/BRPortal\/br\/P102.jsp?arc=36128<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[7]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05dc\u05d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n[8]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e4\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05de”\u05d7 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n[9]<\/a> \u05d9\u05e9 \u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05e7\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0, \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e2\u05db”\u05e4 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e7\u05d9\u05dc \u05d8\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e8\u05e2”\u05d0 \u05e7\u05de\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05d7, \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05e4\u05ea \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df (\u05d5\u05db”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d9”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05db\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05db\u05e2\u05d9”\u05d6 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d8 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1\u05d8. \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05da \u05d2\u05d9\u05e1\u05d0, \u05e7\u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05d2\u05dd \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d4\u05e9\u05e2\u05d4”\u05e6 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05dc\u05d6 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1, \u05d5\u05d2\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 (\u05d5\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d0\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea LED \u05e7\u05d8\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05d3\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9, \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc\u05ea\u05dd \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05d6\u05d4 \u05db\u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4\u05d3\u05dc\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d5\u05db\u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d0\u05db\u05de”\u05dc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[10]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Summer 2024<\/p>\nHistorians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome. Thankfully, technology has come a long way since then. Modern elevators run on electricity which has necessitated the development of a Sabbath Mode. In Sabbath Mode, an elevator cab moves continuously up and down the elevator shaft, stopping at every floor. However, as will be explained, not all Sabbath Modes are the same.<\/p>\nPhysics 101: How Elevators Work<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two basic types of elevators in common use today: hydraulic and traction.<\/p>\nHydraulic-Type Elevators<\/strong><\/p>\nHydraulics make use of the principle that liquid moved with low force over a large distance can be converted to movement with high force over a short distance. Take, for instance, a simple hydraulic jack (see Fig. 1<\/a>). If the piston on the right has a surface area ten times that of the piston on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[264,27,267],"tags":[294,369,229],"class_list":["post-14421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kashrus-kurrents-2024","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-summer-kashrus-kurrents-2024","tag-hilchos-shabbos","tag-insights-from-the-institute","tag-kashrus-kurrents"],"yoast_head":"\nGoing Up: All About Shabbos Elevators | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Summer 2024 Historians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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Frankel"},"url":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/author\/frankel\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14421"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14421\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15033,"href":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14421\/revisions\/15033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/www.star-k.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG-3_Traction-Elevator.jpg\"){kind=link}
![see Fig. 4<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Releveler Sensors <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHydraulic elevators experience slight sinking and rising when passengers enter or exit, which is detected by encoders or magnetic tape readers\/selectors. This detection prompts hydraulic pumps or valves to relevel<\/em> the elevator, as well as to activate LED indicators and relays on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Motor Speed Encoders <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSome elevators are equipped with encoders<\/em> that ensure motor speed compliance. These encoders monitor the motor speed to prevent it from exceeding specified limits. Movements within the cab \u2013 such as entering, exiting or shifting \u2013 will trigger new readings on the encoder, activating LED indicators on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Floor Selector Encoders<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nEncoders also detect the elevator’s position relative to the floor, allowing the elevator to slow down as it approaches the desired floor. Similar to motor speed encoders, the floor selector encoders<\/em> detect movement within the cab which can trigger new readings; they, too, may activate LED indicators and relays on the control panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Load Weighing Devices <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nNew regulatory requirements mandate the inclusion of load weighing devices<\/em> in new and remodeled elevators to prevent overload situations. These devices continuously measure the weight of the elevator cab, with some systems having back-end displays \u2013 not visible to passengers. Even minor movements within the cab can result in fluctuations in the displayed weight readings (see Fig. 5<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Automatic Deactivation of Sabbath Mode <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nIn some cases, the Sabbath Mode does not run during the duration of Shabbos in order to minimize power consumption and the risk of motor burnout. In that event, Sabbath Mode is set to be operational according to a specific schedule. One who enters an elevator while Sabbath Mode is operational will have no halachically sanctioned way to exit should the Sabbath Mode deactivate.<\/p>\n\n\n\nHalachic Concerns and Solutions<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDo visible changes to the elevator control panel, activation of LED indicators and electric relays pose a halachic concern on Shabbos?[9]<\/a> Rav Heinemann paskens<\/em> that they do pose a halachic concern, and that all changes to the LED indicators, display, relays, and weight readings should be disabled if possible. It is also necessary to ensure that the door will not start to close and reopen when a passenger enters the elevator.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTo address these concerns, solutions for a halachically sound Sabbath Mode include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\ndisabling the door sensor while the doors are open<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling level sensors while the doors are open<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling the weighing system while the doors are open <\/li>\n\n\n\ninstalling a visual and\/or audible warning before the doors close to inform passengers not to enter or exit the cab at that time<\/li>\n\n\n\nindicating that the Sabbath Mode is about to deactivate, allowing passengers to exit in time<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling LED lights and displays in the control room<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nClearly, not all Sabbath Mode elevators are the same. While some elevators come with a Sabbath Mode that causes the elevator to stop at every floor, their Sabbath Mode may not address the various halachic problems cited above.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGramaChip Technologies is a STAR-K certified company that offers a range of custom Sabbath Mode products. GramaChip Technologies modifies elevators by providing a Sabbath Mode that comprehensively addresses <\/em>all the halachic issues associated with modern-day elevators. They collaborate closely with elevator companies and installers to ensure full technical compliance. For more information, they can be reached at 732-655-4206 or info@gramachip.com.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[1]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d7”\u05d2 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05d6 (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n[3]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05db\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n[4]<\/a> \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e8’ \u05d4\u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05db\u05de\u05d4. \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea:<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe Sabbath Elevator Question \u2013 A Technical Analysis of a Halakhic Problem\u201d by D. R. Bannett \u201cPassenger Responsibility for Descent \u2013 A Halakhic Analysis\u201d by Rabbi Yechiel Neumann<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d2”\u05db \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 https:\/\/nzautomacao.com.br\/files\/Ema’aliot%20new.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[5]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05de (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n[6]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05de\u05d3<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u05d9\u05e9 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05ea\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05d7 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05e9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d6\u05e0\u05e8 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 http:\/\/www.rabbibrand.022.co.il\/BRPortal\/br\/P102.jsp?arc=36128<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[7]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05dc\u05d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n[8]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e4\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05de”\u05d7 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n[9]<\/a> \u05d9\u05e9 \u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05e7\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0, \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e2\u05db”\u05e4 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e7\u05d9\u05dc \u05d8\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e8\u05e2”\u05d0 \u05e7\u05de\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05d7, \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05e4\u05ea \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df (\u05d5\u05db”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d9”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05db\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05db\u05e2\u05d9”\u05d6 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d8 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1\u05d8. \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05da \u05d2\u05d9\u05e1\u05d0, \u05e7\u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05d2\u05dd \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d4\u05e9\u05e2\u05d4”\u05e6 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05dc\u05d6 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1, \u05d5\u05d2\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 (\u05d5\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d0\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea LED \u05e7\u05d8\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05d3\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9, \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc\u05ea\u05dd \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05d6\u05d4 \u05db\u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4\u05d3\u05dc\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d5\u05db\u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d0\u05db\u05de”\u05dc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[10]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Summer 2024<\/p>\nHistorians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome. Thankfully, technology has come a long way since then. Modern elevators run on electricity which has necessitated the development of a Sabbath Mode. In Sabbath Mode, an elevator cab moves continuously up and down the elevator shaft, stopping at every floor. However, as will be explained, not all Sabbath Modes are the same.<\/p>\nPhysics 101: How Elevators Work<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two basic types of elevators in common use today: hydraulic and traction.<\/p>\nHydraulic-Type Elevators<\/strong><\/p>\nHydraulics make use of the principle that liquid moved with low force over a large distance can be converted to movement with high force over a short distance. Take, for instance, a simple hydraulic jack (see Fig. 1<\/a>). If the piston on the right has a surface area ten times that of the piston on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[264,27,267],"tags":[294,369,229],"class_list":["post-14421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kashrus-kurrents-2024","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-summer-kashrus-kurrents-2024","tag-hilchos-shabbos","tag-insights-from-the-institute","tag-kashrus-kurrents"],"yoast_head":"\nGoing Up: All About Shabbos Elevators | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Summer 2024 Historians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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![see Fig. 5<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u25ba Automatic Deactivation of Sabbath Mode <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nIn some cases, the Sabbath Mode does not run during the duration of Shabbos in order to minimize power consumption and the risk of motor burnout. In that event, Sabbath Mode is set to be operational according to a specific schedule. One who enters an elevator while Sabbath Mode is operational will have no halachically sanctioned way to exit should the Sabbath Mode deactivate.<\/p>\n\n\n\nHalachic Concerns and Solutions<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDo visible changes to the elevator control panel, activation of LED indicators and electric relays pose a halachic concern on Shabbos?[9]<\/a> Rav Heinemann paskens<\/em> that they do pose a halachic concern, and that all changes to the LED indicators, display, relays, and weight readings should be disabled if possible. It is also necessary to ensure that the door will not start to close and reopen when a passenger enters the elevator.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTo address these concerns, solutions for a halachically sound Sabbath Mode include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\ndisabling the door sensor while the doors are open<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling level sensors while the doors are open<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling the weighing system while the doors are open <\/li>\n\n\n\ninstalling a visual and\/or audible warning before the doors close to inform passengers not to enter or exit the cab at that time<\/li>\n\n\n\nindicating that the Sabbath Mode is about to deactivate, allowing passengers to exit in time<\/li>\n\n\n\ndisabling LED lights and displays in the control room<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nClearly, not all Sabbath Mode elevators are the same. While some elevators come with a Sabbath Mode that causes the elevator to stop at every floor, their Sabbath Mode may not address the various halachic problems cited above.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGramaChip Technologies is a STAR-K certified company that offers a range of custom Sabbath Mode products. GramaChip Technologies modifies elevators by providing a Sabbath Mode that comprehensively addresses <\/em>all the halachic issues associated with modern-day elevators. They collaborate closely with elevator companies and installers to ensure full technical compliance. For more information, they can be reached at 732-655-4206 or info@gramachip.com.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[1]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d7”\u05d2 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05d6 (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n[3]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05db\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n[4]<\/a> \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e8’ \u05d4\u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05db\u05de\u05d4. \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea:<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe Sabbath Elevator Question \u2013 A Technical Analysis of a Halakhic Problem\u201d by D. R. Bannett \u201cPassenger Responsibility for Descent \u2013 A Halakhic Analysis\u201d by Rabbi Yechiel Neumann<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d2”\u05db \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 https:\/\/nzautomacao.com.br\/files\/Ema’aliot%20new.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[5]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05de (\u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n[6]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05ea \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d5”\u05d7 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05de\u05d3<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u05d9\u05e9 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05ea\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05d7 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8”\u05e9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d6\u05e0\u05e8 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8 http:\/\/www.rabbibrand.022.co.il\/BRPortal\/br\/P102.jsp?arc=36128<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[7]<\/a> \u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05dc\u05d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n[8]<\/a> \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e4\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e8\u05de”\u05d7 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n[9]<\/a> \u05d9\u05e9 \u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05e7\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0, \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e2\u05db”\u05e4 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e7\u05d9\u05dc \u05d8\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e8\u05e2”\u05d0 \u05e7\u05de\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05d7, \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05e4\u05ea \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df (\u05d5\u05db”\u05db \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d9”\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05db\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05db\u05e2\u05d9”\u05d6 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d7”\u05d8 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e1\u05d8. \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05da \u05d2\u05d9\u05e1\u05d0, \u05e7\u05d9”\u05dc \u05e9\u05d2\u05dd \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05db\u05de\u05e9”\u05db \u05d4\u05e9\u05e2\u05d4”\u05e6 \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e9\u05dc\u05d6 \u05e1”\u05e7 \u05d1, \u05d5\u05d2\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 (\u05d5\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d6\u05e6”\u05dc, \u05e9\u05d0\u05e3 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea LED \u05e7\u05d8\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05d3\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9, \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc\u05ea\u05dd \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d1 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05d6\u05d4 \u05db\u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4\u05d3\u05dc\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d5\u05db\u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d0\u05db\u05de”\u05dc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[10]<\/a> \u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05e8’ \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8”\u05d0 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Summer 2024<\/p>\nHistorians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome. Thankfully, technology has come a long way since then. Modern elevators run on electricity which has necessitated the development of a Sabbath Mode. In Sabbath Mode, an elevator cab moves continuously up and down the elevator shaft, stopping at every floor. However, as will be explained, not all Sabbath Modes are the same.<\/p>\nPhysics 101: How Elevators Work<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nThere are two basic types of elevators in common use today: hydraulic and traction.<\/p>\nHydraulic-Type Elevators<\/strong><\/p>\nHydraulics make use of the principle that liquid moved with low force over a large distance can be converted to movement with high force over a short distance. Take, for instance, a simple hydraulic jack (see Fig. 1<\/a>). If the piston on the right has a surface area ten times that of the piston on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[264,27,267],"tags":[294,369,229],"class_list":["post-14421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kashrus-kurrents-2024","category-kashrus-kurrents","category-summer-kashrus-kurrents-2024","tag-hilchos-shabbos","tag-insights-from-the-institute","tag-kashrus-kurrents"],"yoast_head":"\nGoing Up: All About Shabbos Elevators | STAR-K Kosher Certification<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Summer 2024 Historians claim that two hundred and twenty-four slaves were needed to operate the pulleys of the elevator system in the Colosseum of Rome.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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